Study on children's faculty during a disaster and international comparison

去年，我们对在日本上小学和初中的外国户籍子女进行了灾难通信能力调查。我们还收集了海外学校防灾教育的相关信息，并访问了巴西的消防组织和学校，作为信息收集的一部分。我们选择了巴西和台湾作为调查的国家，并在今年调查了他们的学校。我们之所以选择这些国家，是因为巴西的抗灾措施进展甚微，而台湾是一个有地震灾害经验的国家。通过比较这些国家和日本，我们综合考察了种族、历史文化、教育计划、学校建设计划和人的属性等因素如何影响火灾中儿童的能力。在巴西，虽然在圣保罗有五所学校接受了检查，但如果从安全的角度来看，很难说他们在建筑设计或设备方面都有足够的安全性。在调查中了解到以下情况。教师没有学习防火/防灾教育的专业知识和技术，学校没有开展消防演习等。对三所学校共1092名学生进行了课程地图调查和消防知识问卷调查。结果，我们理解了以下几点。一般来说，巴西儿童对火焰或烟雾的危险性、避难方法等都不太了解，对烟雾的流动、避难时窗户的开合过程也不太了解，但对火灾有基本的了解。总体而言，巴西人的火灾知识程度与日本人相比较低，日本儿童倾向于集体行动，听从老师的指导，而巴西儿童有很多是独立行动的。此外，也有许多日本裔的巴西孩子访问过日本，因此他们的行为介于这两个典型角色之间。他们在日本呆的时间越长，空间认知能力就越接近日本人，而且他们的认知能力和行动判断能力也越接近日本人。少

We conducted an investigation into the calamity correspondence capability of the children of a foreign family register who attended elementary and junior high schools in Japan last year. We also gathered relative information about the disaster prevention education in overseas schools, and visited the fire-fighting organization and schools in Brazil as part of that information gathering.We chose Brazil and Taiwan as the countries for investigation, and investigated their schools this year. We chose these countries because, in the case of Brazil, Disaster measures have progressed little, and, in the case of Taiwan, it is a country with experience in earthquake disaster. By comparing these countries and Japan, we examine synthetically how factors, such as race, history and culture, educational plans, school construction plans, and human attributes, influence children' s faculty during a fire.In Brazil, although five schools in Sao Paulo were inspected, if looked at from the position of fi … More re safety, it would be hard to say that they have sufficient safety in terms of both building design or equipment. The following was understood in investigation. The teacher's were not learning special knowledge or technology about fire prevention / disaster prevention education, and the schools were not carrying out fire drills etc.Moreover, a course map investigation and fire knowledge questionnaire survey was conducted on a total of 1092 students in three schools. As a result, the following things were understood. Generally, Brazilian children hardly understand the danger of flames or smoke, method of refuge, etc., about the flow of smoke, or opening-and-closing process of windows at the time of refuge, although there is fundamental knowledge about fire. On the whole, compared with Japanese people, the degree of fire knowledge of Brazilians is low, and whereas Japanese children tend to act as a group and listen to their teacher's instructions, there are many Brazilian children who act independently.In addition, there are also many Brazilian children of Japanese descent who have visited Japan and so act somewhere between the two typical characters. They come to have space cognitive power nearer to Japanese people the longer they have stayed in Japan, as well as fire knowledge and action judgment etc. Less