Flower shedding control mechanism as an adaptive strategy in the soybean plants

落花控制机制作为大豆植物的适应性策略

• 批准号: 13660017
• 负责人: KURODA Toshiro
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: Okayama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13660017/
• 关键词: Soybean; Flower shedding; Adaptive strategy; Yield; Raceme order; Flowering; Pod setting ratio; Ripening; 地球温暖化; 伸育性; 花器分化; 野生ダイズ; 蔓性

This study catches the flower shedding in the soybean plants as individual adaptive strategy, and it is made that the mechanism of the flower shedding is clarified in agronomics. Following results were obtained.Year 2001 : Soybean ancestor wild species was offered as sample, and it was compared with the cultivated varieties. (1) By domestication process to cultivated species from the wild species, the vine-ness disappeared. (2) It became clear that the moderate temperature of growth and dry matter production and fruiting and grain hypertrophy of the soybean was higher than the temperature in the usual cultivation.Year 2002 : The differences between determinate types and indeterminate types in flowering and ripening characteristic of the soybean cultivar. (1) The transition of the flowering which shifted to the high raceme order from the lowraceme order tended to be equal among both types. (2) On the flower shedding, the falling number increased, as it becomes the high raceme order in determinate type, and in the indeterminate, it became a maximum in 1st order and secondary.Year 2003 : It intended to examine the strategy of flower shedding control mechanism for the change of temperature conditions such as Global Warning. (1) TGC (Temperature Gradient Chamber) in which only the temperature in the daytime rises. It was produced, and the effect of the temperature rise on flowering and ripening and grain yield of the soybean was examined. (2) The flower number was not suppressed by the high temperature. Bearing rate, grain yield and dry matter production are the most in the high temperature. (3) It is also estimated that the productivity of the soybean is improved by high-temperature conditions such as the global warming. However, cropping season and cultivars which avoid high temperature in time of flowering are chosen, when the high-temperature failure is generated, and it produces and does the flower shedding.

本研究以大豆植株的落花为个体适应策略，从农艺角度阐明了大豆落花的机理。研究结果如下：2001年：以大豆祖先野生种为样本，与栽培品种进行比较。(1)通过对野生种栽培种的驯化，藤本消失。(2)大豆生长发育、干物质生产、结实和籽粒膨大的适温明显高于常规栽培温度。2002年：大豆品种开花成熟特性的定型型与未定型的差异。(1)从低总状花序向高总状花序转移的开花过渡在两种类型之间趋于一致。(2)在落花上，落花数随着落花总状花序的增加而增加，在不确定型中，落花数在一级和二级上达到最大值。2003年：旨在研究全球预警等气温变化条件下落花控制机制的策略。(1)只在白天温度升高的温度梯度室(TGC)。研究了温度升高对大豆开花成熟和籽粒产量的影响。(2)高温对花数无抑制作用。高温下结实率、籽粒产量和干物质产量最高。(3)估计全球变暖等高温条件对大豆产量有一定的改善作用。但在开花期间选择避免高温的作物季节和品种，在产生高温失败时产生并进行落花。

项目成果

Saitoh, K et al.: "Difference in flower production and pod set performance among soybean cultivars with different stem-termination types and maturity groupes."Jpn.J.crop Sci.. 72(3). 290-294 (2003)

Saitoh, K 等：“不同茎终止类型和成熟组的大豆品种之间的开花和结荚性能差异。”Jpn.J.crop Sci.. 72(3)。

Saitoh, K et al.: "Effect of row-width and planting density on podding and yield performance of early soybean cultivar "Enrei" with reference to raceme order."Jpn.J.crop Sci.. 72(ext.2). 140-141 (2003)

Saitoh, K 等人：“行宽和种植密度对早期大豆品种“Enrei”的结荚和产量性能的影响，参考总状序。”Jpn.J.crop Sci.. 72（ext.2）。

斉藤邦行: "伸育型、熟期の違いがダィズ品種の開花・結実に及ぼす影響"日本作物学会紀事. 72・3. 290-294 (2003)

Kuniyuki Saito：“生长类型和成熟期对大豆品种开花和结果的影响”日本作物学会杂志72・3（2003）。

Uwagoh et al.: "Effect of high temperature on floweing, pod set and seed production"Jpn.J.crop Sci.. 72(ext.2). 373-374 (2002)

Uwagoh等人：“高温对开花、结荚和种子生产的影响”Jpn.J.crop Sci..72(ext.2)。

齊藤邦行: "伸育型、熟期の違いがダイズ品種の開花・結実に及ぼす影響"日本作物学会紀事. 72・3. 290-294 (2003)

Kuniyuki Saito：“生长类型和成熟期对大豆品种开花和结果的影响”日本作物学会杂志72・3（2003）。