Study on Systematic and Phylogeny of Architeuthis in Japanese waters

1.对在日本各地采集到的10头大头跳甲的外部形态进行了系统研究。结果识别出三种不同类型的成熟雄性，即臂短于背地幔长度(DML)的雄性，双臂IV的远端半轴化；DML的臂约120%，双臂IV的远端部分双臂远端半轴化；以及雄性的臂约150-170%的DML的双臂远端半轴化。以线粒体DNA中的COI为特征进行分析，并对1276bp进行比较。在结果上，第三种类型的女性有两种不同，第一种类型的男性有一种不同。其他四个人，即使是来自新西兰的Architeuthis，也有相同的序列。3.基于COI(658bp)的分子系统发育分析表明，在60种日本头足类动物中，Architeuthis与Discoteuthis相近。4.虽然没有拍摄到自然界中的Architeuthis的照片，但2002年和2003年在小川群岛附近的水下数码相机调查产生了许多有趣的照片和深海大型动物的知识，包括该地区的霓虹乌贼。5.从日本水域以前对Architeuthis的研究来看，第三种类型与Mitsukuri和Ikeda(1895)描述的A.Japan完全相同。对于后一种类型，包括分布于世界不同地区的大戟属，需要在完好标本的基础上进行更详细的形态和分子系统学研究。

1.Systematic study based on external morphology was conducted with 10 individuals of Architeuthis collected around Japan. In results, three different types of mature male were recognized, i.e. a male having arms shorter than dorsal mantle length (DML) with distal portions of both Arm IV hectocotylized, a male having arms about 120% of DML with distal portions of both Arm IV hectocotylized and a male having arms about 150-170% of DML with no hectocotylized arms2.Molecular systematic study was conducted among above types with a sample from Architeuthis off New Zealand. COI in mtDNA was featured to analyze and 1276bp were compared. In results, a female of the third type has two differences and a male of the first type has one difference. The other four individuals, even in Architeuthis from New Zealand, have the same sequences. This indicates that those types and Architeuthis form NZ are possibly considered to be a single species3.Molecular phylogeny based on COI(658bp) among 60 species of Japanese cephalopods suggested that Architeuthis is allied to Discoteuthis.4.Although no pictures of Architeuthis in nature was taken, under water digital camera survey off Ogasawara Islands in 2002 and 2003 has yielded many interesting photos and knowledge of deep-sea large animals, including neon-fling squid in this region.5.Judging from previous studies on Architeuthis in Japanese waters, the third type is assuredly identical as A. Japonica described by Mitsukuri and Ikeda (1895). For the latter types, including Architeuthis in different regions in the world, further detailed studies on both morphological and molecular systematics based on specimens in good condition are highly required.