Study on Systematic and Phylogeny of Architeuthis in Japanese waters

1.对日本各地采集的10只大翅大王鼠进行了体表形态学的系统研究。结果表明，成熟雄性有3种不同类型，即臂短于背地幔长度（DML），且第4臂远端部分均为异子叶化；臂长约为DML的120%，且第4臂远端部分均为异子叶化；臂长约为DML的150-170%，但无异子叶化2。对上述类型进行了分子系统研究。选取mtDNA中的COI进行分析，比较1276bp。结果是，第三种类型的女性有两个差异，而第一种类型的男性有一个差异。其他四个个体，即使是来自新西兰的大王鲨，也有相同的序列。这表明这些类型和新西兰的Architeuthis可能被认为是一个单一的物种。3 .基于COI（658bp）的60种日本头足类的分子系统发育表明，Architeuthis与disteuthis有亲缘关系。虽然没有在自然界中拍摄到大Architeuthis的照片，但2002年和2003年在小笠原群岛进行的水下数码相机调查已经获得了许多有趣的照片和关于深海大型动物的知识，包括该地区的飞鱼鱿鱼。从以往对日本海域Architeuthis的研究来看，第三种类型肯定与Mitsukuri和Ikeda（1895）所描述的A. Japonica相同。对于后者，包括分布在世界不同地区的Architeuthis，还需要在保存完好的标本基础上进一步进行形态学和分子系统学的详细研究。

1.Systematic study based on external morphology was conducted with 10 individuals of Architeuthis collected around Japan. In results, three different types of mature male were recognized, i.e. a male having arms shorter than dorsal mantle length (DML) with distal portions of both Arm IV hectocotylized, a male having arms about 120% of DML with distal portions of both Arm IV hectocotylized and a male having arms about 150-170% of DML with no hectocotylized arms2.Molecular systematic study was conducted among above types with a sample from Architeuthis off New Zealand. COI in mtDNA was featured to analyze and 1276bp were compared. In results, a female of the third type has two differences and a male of the first type has one difference. The other four individuals, even in Architeuthis from New Zealand, have the same sequences. This indicates that those types and Architeuthis form NZ are possibly considered to be a single species3.Molecular phylogeny based on COI(658bp) among 60 species of Japanese cephalopods suggested that Architeuthis is allied to Discoteuthis.4.Although no pictures of Architeuthis in nature was taken, under water digital camera survey off Ogasawara Islands in 2002 and 2003 has yielded many interesting photos and knowledge of deep-sea large animals, including neon-fling squid in this region.5.Judging from previous studies on Architeuthis in Japanese waters, the third type is assuredly identical as A. Japonica described by Mitsukuri and Ikeda (1895). For the latter types, including Architeuthis in different regions in the world, further detailed studies on both morphological and molecular systematics based on specimens in good condition are highly required.