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Time-geographic comparative analysis on the coordination of household activities in Japan and China

中日家庭活动协调性的时域比较分析

基本信息

批准号：
13837009
负责人：
OKAMOTO Kohei
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13837009/
关键词：
China and Japan urban household women's labor force participation child care time geography human activity 少子化

项目摘要

This study focuses to the characteristics of human activities in Chinese cities compared with Japanese cities based on a time-geographic approach. We constructed a database of human activities derived from the previous surveys carried out in the selected cities both of China and of Japan. These include the activity data acquired by the surveys in three Japanese cities ; Shimosuwa, Nissin and Kawagoe since 1988 and the surveys in three Chinese cities ; Dalian, Tianjin and Shenzhen since 1995. Activity diaries method was employed in each surveys. Besides, we engaged in an interview survey in several Chinese cities in 2000-2001. The interviewees includes the administrators of day nurseries, the elderies in the nursing homes, and a migrant housekeeper.The analysis of data base reveals the resemblance between married men and women in all aspects of daily activities in China. Commuting distance and working hours of married women are quite similar to of men. Chinese married women appears to have wider job opportunities than of Japanese.High working rate in full-time jobs of Chinese married women is maintained by well-prepared child care services as well as affordable housemaid services. The interview survey suggests some social backgrounds enabling these services ;1)a tradition that local governments and firms in China as well as the national government have regarded women's full-time working as important,2)flexible attitudes of original families towards child care,3)an abundant supply of relatively cheap female labor suitable for housemaid services due to a huge economic disparity between industrialized cities and firming villages.

本文从时间-地理学的角度比较了中日城市的人类活动特征。我们构建了一个数据库的人类活动来自以前的调查在选定的城市进行的中国和日本。其中包括1988年以来在日本三个城市（下须和、日新和川越）进行的调查所获得的活动数据，以及1995年以来在中国三个城市（大连、天津和深圳）进行的调查所获得的活动数据。每次调查均采用活动日记法。此外，我们还于2000-2001年在中国多个城市进行了访谈调查。通过对数据库的分析，揭示了中国已婚男女在日常生活各个方面的相似性。已婚妇女的通勤距离和工作时间与男子相当。中国已婚妇女的就业机会似乎比日本人多。中国已婚妇女从事全职工作的高工作率是由准备充分的托儿服务以及负担得起的家政服务维持的。访谈调查显示，这些服务的一些社会背景，1）在中国的地方政府和企业以及国家政府重视妇女的全职工作的传统，2）灵活的态度，原来的家庭对儿童保育，3）相对廉价的女性劳动力供应充足，适合家政服务由于工业化城市和坚定的农村之间的巨大经济差距。