A population-based case-control study of pancreatic cancer

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We conducted a population-based case-control study to evaluate the risk of pancreatic cancer in relation to lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol and coffee consumption and nutrient intake. Cases were 109 patients who were newly diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between January 2000 and April 2002. Control subjects were 218 persons who were randomly selected from the electoral register and were matched for cases on sex, age and residence. The data on lifestyle factors were collected by in-person interview with cases and controls. Conditional logistic model was used to calculate the odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. The odds ratios were adjusted for cumulative amount of cigarette smoking and history of diabetes. Our study confirmed that cigarette smoking was associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer, with the odd ratios being 2.3 for current smokers. Alcohol and coffee consumption were not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. An increased risk was observed among those who had a history of diabetes (OR=2.4). The weight loss more than 5 kg within five years before the diagnosis was associated with an increased risk; Subjects in the highest tertile of cholesterol intake had 2-fold significantly increased risk than those in the lowest tertile. Higher vitamin C intake significantly decreased the risk. Our study suggested that alexithymia may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer.