The effects of particulate metals on osteoblast-like cells in vitro

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The effects of fifteen particulate metals on cell viability of osteoblast-like cells were studied in vitro, to determine whether an adverse effect on cells could be induced by the particulate forms or soluble ions. In addition, the dose-effects of six noncorrosive particulate metals on the two osteoblast-like cells were studied by analyzing MTT and alkaline phosphatase activity. The Al, Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, and Fe particulates depressed cell viability at higher concentrations, but their extracts yielded no effect on cells, except for Mo. On the other hand, little difference in cell viability between particulates and extracts was observed for Cu, Si, V, W, and Co, while Mn and Ni particulates yielded more adverse effects on cells than did their extracts. Moreover, the interaction with noncorrosive particulate metals led to different cytotoxic results between MG-63 and HOS cells. The cell viability of MG-63 cells was depressed only at higher concentrations, but that of HOS cells was depressed at low concentration. Al, Ti, and Zr particulates more markedly depressed cell viability compared with Nb, Ta, and Cr particulates. Al particulates at higher concentrations increased ALP activity, but other particulates did not.