Backward masking in a somatosensory reaction-time task and nonconscious motor information-processing

体感反应时间任务中的后向掩蔽和无意识运动信息处理

• 批准号: 13680039
• 负责人: IMANAKA Kuniyasu
• 金额: $ 2.24万
• 依托单位: Tokyo Metropolitan University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13680039/
• 关键词: reaction time; stimulus detection; awareness of perception; motor preparation; backward masking; nonconscious processing; information processing; 体性感覚; 脳内情報処理

This research project examined the nature of information processing underlying perception without awareness and motor responses, conducting several experiments using reaction time (RT) tasks with a backward masking paradigm in which a prime and mask stimuli were used as imperative stimuli. Both the intensity of the prime stimulus and SOA (stimulus onset asynchrony between the prime and mask stimulus) were manipulated in the experiments. To examine behavioral aspects we measured (1)the awareness of perception of the prime stimulus in a two-forced-choice task, (2)reaction times as motor responses to the imperative stimulus set (prime and mask), and (3) lateralized readiness potentials (LRPs) which were calculated on the basis of averaged EEG waves.Results of experiments showed that reaction times tended to be correlated with the latency of S-LRPs (the elapsing time from the stimulus onset to the initial raise of the LRPs), whereas the latency of R-LRPs (the elapsing time from the onset of LRPs to the onset of responses) was not correlated with reaction times. This suggested that the prime stimulus initiated earlier the stage of motor information processing for the preparation of motor responses. Awareness of perception of the prime stimulus was evident for a long SOAs (100 ms) but was absent for a short SOAs (32 ms), indicating the prime stimulus must be masked by the mask stimulus with the short (32-ms) SOA. The latency of S-LRPs for the 32-ms SOA was quite similar to that of the S-LRPs under conditions where a prime stimulus alone was presented as an imperative stimulus. This suggested that non-consciously perceived prime stimulus. facilitated motor responses, resulting in short reaction times. However, an issue whether the prime stimulus facilitates the perceptual processes or rather directly activates the motor processes bypassing the perceptual processes, was still open to question.

该研究项目探讨了信息处理的本质，没有意识的感知和运动反应，进行了几个实验，使用反应时（RT）任务与后向掩蔽范式，其中启动和掩码刺激被用作命令性刺激。在实验中操纵了启动刺激的强度和SOA（启动刺激和掩蔽刺激之间的刺激起始时间）。为了检查行为方面，我们测量了（1）在两次被迫选择任务中对主要刺激的感知意识，（2）对命令性刺激集的运动反应的反应时间（素数和掩码），实验结果表明，反应时与S-LRPs潜伏期有一定的相关性反应时与R-LRP潜伏期（从LRP出现到反应开始的时间）无相关性。这表明，启动刺激提前启动了运动信息加工的准备阶段。意识的知觉的主要刺激是明显的长SOA（100毫秒），但不存在的短SOA（32毫秒），表明主要刺激必须掩盖的面具刺激与短（32毫秒）SOA。S-LRP的潜伏期为32毫秒SOA是非常相似的条件下，单独的启动刺激作为一个命令性刺激的S-LRP。这表明无意识感知的启动刺激。促进运动反应，导致反应时间短。然而，一个问题是否促进知觉过程或直接激活运动过程绕过知觉过程的主要刺激，仍然是开放的问题。

项目成果

Higuchi T, Imanaka K, Hatayama T: "Freezing degrees of freedom under stress : Kinematic evidence of constrained movement strategies"Human Movement Science. 21. 831-846 (2002)

Higuchi T、Imanaka K、Hatayama T：“压力下冻结自由度：约束运动策略的运动学证据”人体运动科学。

今中國泰: "無意識下の感覚情報と運動"運動生理学シリーズ7 運動と高次神経機能-運動の脳内機能を探検する(杏林書院). (印刷中). (2004)

Kuniyasu Imanaka：“无意识的感觉信息和运动”运动生理学系列7运动和高级神经功能 - 探索运动的大脑功能（Kyorin Shoin）（印刷中）。

Imanaka, K., Kita, I., Suzuki, K.: "Effects of Nonconscious Perception on Moter Response"Human Movement Science. 21. 541-561 (2002)

Imanaka, K.、Kita, I.、Suzuki, K.：“无意识知觉对运动反应的影响”人体运动科学。

Imanaka, K.: "Sensory information and movement under non-consciousness"The Series of Exercise Physiology(Kyorin-Shoin, Toky). 7(in press). (2004)

Imanaka, K.：“非意识下的感觉信息和运动”运动生理学系列（Kyorin-Shoin，东京）。

Tsutsui S, Imanaka K: "Effect of manual guidance on acquiring a new bimanual coordination pattern"Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 74. 104-109 (2003)

Tsutsui S、Imanaka K：“手动指导对获得新的双手协调模式的影响”《锻炼与运动研究季刊》。