权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Social Construction of Science and Policy for United States Global Change Research Program

美国全球变化研究计划科学与政策的社会建构

基本信息

批准号：
13680580
负责人：
TAKESHITA Toshihide
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
Azabu University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2002
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The global change research in the United States under the cooperation of 13 U.S. agencies has started in 1990, by enacting global change research act of 1990, which has been modified and enlarged as climate change research program in 2003. This program is established under the intensive interactions between the research communities and the policy groups, which is analyzed as a model of discourse coalitions. At the stage of program modifications, the discursive processes of research communities for assessment and for recommendations to the program are considered important for establishing social legitimacy.Although the program is emphasizing the scientific inquiry to decreasing uncertainty concerning earth system dynamics as natural processes, it is important to see the earth system dynamics as a mutual construction or interaction processes between nature and human activities which impacts are increasing incessant. The uncertainties exist both to natural processes and to policy aspects, which make the interactions much more uncertain. This means that science studies and alternative policy designs have to progress concurrently, with inspecting the interactions successively. And further progress in either side will lead to the phase of adaptation or negotiations for consensus in societal aspects. This process of problem solving is named here as evolutionary approach to the mutual construction between science and policy.

美国的全球变化研究始于1990年，由美国13个机构合作，通过制定《1990年全球变化研究法》（GlobalChangeResearchAct，1990），并于2003年修订和扩大为气候变化研究计划。该方案是在研究共同体和政策团体之间的密切互动下建立起来的，并被分析为一种话语联盟模式。在计划修改阶段，研究团体对计划的评估和建议的论述过程被认为是建立社会合法性的重要因素。虽然计划强调科学探究，以减少地球系统动力学作为自然过程的不确定性，地球系统动力学是自然界和人类活动之间相互作用的过程，其影响是不断增加的。不确定性既存在于自然过程中，也存在于政策方面，这使得相互作用更加不确定。这意味着科学研究和替代政策设计必须同时进行，并依次检查相互作用。任何一方的进一步进展都将导致适应或谈判阶段，以在社会方面达成共识。这种解决问题的过程在这里被称为科学与政策之间相互建构的进化方法。