Empirical Study of the Effects of Large-Scale Infrastructure Development

2003年度，围绕日本高速公路公共事业公司的民营化展开了广泛的讨论，在基础设施建设方面达成了共识。2004年度，对大规模基础设施建设的具体事例进行了综合评价，整理了今后的相关课题。2004财政年度的研究结果如下。（1）关于基础设施的发展，有人指出，公共工程方法和公共公司方法有混淆的危险。最近关于公营公司私有化的讨论受到批评，因为其重要的视角缺乏，只注重盈利能力。对中部国际机场的案例研究经验证明，大规模的基础设施可以通过公共工程以外的措施来实现。（2）探讨了大型基础设施的更新问题。由于新干线和高速公路等基础设施的开发没有考虑到这一点， 关于我们 继承人枯竭，导致没有可用的财政资源来更新。缺乏财政资源导致了公营公司私有化的问题。（3）受益者付费的基础设施建设忽视了社会效益。基础设施发展的基本政策应该回归公共资金基础设施发展的基本原则，实现更低的收费以扩大社会效益。（4）大规模基础设施的开发和利用方式与以技术为导向的信息技术设施完全不同，这在很大程度上取决于地理条件。在地理和气候各不相同的日本国土上进行只追求利润的基础设施开发，将导致地区差距扩大，这可能导致人口减少地区的遗漏。从日韩之间严重的竹岛争端可以看出，即使是一个很小的岛屿也可能成为战略热点。因此，最小化或忽视人口减少区的国家政策趋势是根本错误的。平衡土地开发的国家目标应该是至关重要的。少

Intensive public discussions on privatization of the Japan Highway Public Corporation in FY 2003 established common view among parties concerned with regard to infrastructure development.In FY2004, specific cases of large-scale infrastructure development were comprehensively evaluated and relevant issues toward the future were organized. The study results during FY 2004 follow.(1)For infrastructure development, risks of confusion of a public work method and a public corporation method were pointed out. Recent discussions on privatization of public corporations were criticized because of its significant perspective lack focusing on mere profitability. A case study on Chubu Centrair International Airport empirically proved that large-scale infrastructure could be realized through measures other than public work.(2)The issue of large-scale infrastructure's renewal has been discussed. Since infrastructures including Shinkansen and Expressways have been developed without considering about t … More heir depletion, which has resulted in no available financial resources for their renewal. The lack of financial resources has been led to the issue of privatization of public corporations.(3)Infrastructure development by beneficiaries' payment ignores social benefits. The basic infrastructure development policy should return to the essential principle of infrastructure development by public funds, which realizes cheaper charges to enlarge social benefits.(4)Large-scale infrastructures that substantially depends on geographical conditions are completely different from technology oriented IT facilities in the way of development and utilization. Infrastructure development seeking only for profits in Japan's national land that locally varies in geography and climate will result in widening regional gaps, which may be led to omission of depopulated areas. As seen in the serious disputes over Takeshima Island between Japan and Korea, even a tiny island may become a strategic hot spot. Thus, the national policy trend minimizing or ignoring depopulated areas is fundamentally wrong. The national goal of balanced land development is supposed to be critical. Less