Study of Solanaceous plants from eastern continental temperate climate : collection, evaluation, and molecular phylogeny

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We conducted three expeditions to Argentina to collect Solanaceous plants. In total, 224 accessions were collected, of which 126 were collected as seeds. We sowed 74 accessions, 34 germinated, and 30 reached blooming. We idendified 20 accessions that had ornamental values. All had enough heat and cold tolerance, and thought to be a good breeding materials. Among them, Lycium, Nicotiana, Nierembergia, Solanum were significant genera.We also conducted phylogenetic study on 24 genera, 35 species plus two outgroups using DNA that was collected during the expeditions. Two intergenic spacers (rpl16-rpl14 and trnT-L-L-F) and an intron (trnK) sequences of chloroplast DNA were determined and phylogenetic trees were calculated from aligned sequences. Argentine Solanaceous plants consisted of five clades that are equivalent to sub families, Schwenckioideae, Cestroideae, Nicotianoideae, Solanoideae, and Petunioideae in addition with a combined clade (Nicotianoideae+Solanoideae) that have been called the "X=12 clade." Sclerophylax was placed outside of Solanaceae+Convolvulaceae clade. Two Patagonian endemic genera, Benthamiella and Pantacantha formed a clade that belonged to Cestroideae. Petunioideae was divided into two subclades, one consists of Bouchetia, Leptoglossis, and Nierembergia and another of Calibrachoa, Fabiana, and Petunia. Petunia patagonica was included in a clade of Fabiana species.