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Study on the Significance of the Myth in the Development of the Presocratic Philosophy

神话在前苏格拉底哲学发展中的意义研究

基本信息

批准号：
14510008
负责人：
MIURA Kaname
金额：
$ 1.15万
依托单位：
KANAZAWA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In general, it is said that the Presocratic philosophers evidently abandoned mythic formulations and gave a purely rational, logical and scientific account of the origin and nature of the universe. This estimation is the result of the application of the hypothesis to the field of Greek philosophy that the civilization of ancient Greece underwent a development from myth to reason or from Mythos to Logos. However the state of affairs is not so simple. It is true that the Presocratic philosophers threw out personification and anthropomorphic theistic explanation, but, when we seek the origin of philosophy not historically but a-historically or ontologically, even in the epic of Gilgamesh, we can find fully philosophical themes, e.g.the status of the mortals in the universe, the nature and possibility of their knowledge of the universe. On the other hand, the so-called first philosophers such as Parmenides and Empedocles also still employed the mytho-poetic forms of explanation. The mythic elements are thus often seen to play an important role in the very formulation of their thoughts, the arche(principle) they posit as an origin and a cause of the universe is far beyond our experience, but they try to assent it and to describe it in some way or other. And it is the mythic expression that enables them to represent it explicitly. The first philosophers are called physikoi by Aristotle, but, as long as they are natural theologians, they believe, it seems, that they can reconcile Mythos and Logos in a certain way.

一般来说，据说前苏格拉底哲学家显然放弃了神话的公式，并对宇宙的起源和性质给出了纯粹理性的，逻辑的和科学的解释。这一判断是将古希腊文明经历了一个从神话到理性或从神话到逻各斯的发展过程这一假设应用于希腊哲学领域的结果。然而，事态并非如此简单。诚然，前苏格拉底哲学家们抛弃了人格化和拟人化的有神论解释，但是，当我们不是历史地而是非历史地或本体论地寻求哲学的起源时，即使在吉尔伽美什史诗中，我们也可以找到完全的哲学主题，例如凡人在宇宙中的地位，他们对宇宙的知识的性质和可能性。另一方面，所谓的第一哲学家，如巴门尼德和恩培多克勒，也仍然采用神话诗的解释形式。因此，神话元素在他们思想的形成过程中常常扮演着重要的角色，他们认为宇宙的起源和原因远远超出了我们的经验，但他们试图同意它，并以某种方式描述它。正是神话式的表达使他们能够明确地表达它。第一批哲学家被亚里士多德称为physikoi，但是，只要他们是自然神学家，他们似乎相信，他们可以以某种方式调和神话和逻各斯。