Dynamic characteristics of numerical dominancy judgment in visual cognition

本研究的研究结果如下：1.数字优势判断与特征检测利用视觉搜索研究中发现的突出型和非突出型视觉刺激对数字优势判断进行了实验研究。结果表明，突显刺激在数量上被高估，提示数字优势判断过程涉及较高的视觉机制。2.数字优势判断的动态特征研究了在两个刺激集中元素个数随时间变化的情况下，数字优势判断的特点。结果表明，动态显示对数字变化的敏感度低于静态显示，偏离等比例的判别能力弱于向等比例的转变。这些结果表明，采样精度和…都有所下降3.视觉采样中统计特征的影响我们考察了顺序采样和同时采样的特点，在要求被试推断两个集合的刺激强度的总体平均值的任务中，这是数字优势判断任务的一个版本。结果表明，利用统计效率分析计算的序贯抽样数比同步抽样少。研究了老年人在视觉赌博任务中的策略特征，这是一种数字优势判断和预测任务。结果表明，老年人在基于任务过程中获得的数据采取盈利性策略时存在一定的困难，这反映了工作记忆的功能退化。较少

The results of this study are as follows.1.Numerical dominancy judgment and feature detectionWe carried out some experiments on the numerical dominancy judgment with use of visual stimuli of which characteristics were pop-out and non pop-out found in the visual search studies. The results showed that the pop-out stimuli were overestimated in number, suggesting that the higher visual mechanism was involved in the process of the numerical dominancy judgment.2.Dynamic characteristics of the numerical dominancy judgmentWe studied the characteristics of numerical dominancy judgment in the condition that the number of elements in two stimulus sets was varied in time sequence. The results showed that the sensitivity to the numerosity change was lower in the dynamic display than in the static display, and that deviation from the equivalent proportion was less discriminated than the transition to equivalent proportion.. These results suggested both the degradation of sampling precision and the … More hysterisis involvement.3.Inference of statistical characteristics in the visual samplingWe investigated some comparisons between the characteristics of sequential and simultaneous samplings in the task that participants were required to infer the population means of stimulus intensities of two sets which was one version of the numerical dominancy judgment task. The results showed that the numbers of the samplings calculated with use of the statistical efficiency analysis were smaller in the sequential than in the simultaneous sampling. These results matched to the prediction based on the sequential analysis.4.The risk judgment and agingWe investigated the strategic characteristics of aged people in the visual gambling task which was a kind of the numerical dominancy judgment and prediction task The results showed that the aged subject had some difficulties to adopt the profitable strategy based on the data obtained in the process of the task, which would reflect the functional degradation of the working memory. Less