Effect of EMDR(Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) on Traumatic Memory

在第一项研究中，我们考察了三组志愿者对外界刺激的持续注意：有创伤后应激障碍症状但有创伤记忆的创伤后应激障碍组(n=10)、有创伤后应激障碍症状但没有创伤记忆的高应激组(n=8)和正常组(n=9)。(1)创伤后应激障碍组在数字广度任务上的得分低于高应激组和正常组。高应激组与正常组差异无统计学意义。差异可以归因于创伤经历。(2)在对当前刺激的主观注意指标上，正常组好于高应激组，高应激组好于PTSD组。在第二项研究中，对包括注意力、自我关注、创伤后应激障碍症状和抑郁症状在内的问卷数据进行了多元回归分析。问卷收集自564名正常成年人。多动症状解释了注意力，注意力解释了抑郁症状。在第三项研究中，对10名有创伤后应激障碍症状的患者在EMDR治疗前后的持续注意力指数进行了测量。经EMDR治疗后，数字广度作业成绩明显提高。通过EMDR治疗，改善了对当前刺激的主观注意。EMDR可以提高他们的注意可控性。在第四项研究中，调查了一例PTSD患者的创伤后应激障碍症状、会议期间心率变化和注意力。治疗早期，在回忆创伤记忆的过程中，多动、侵袭改善，计数分数提高，心率减慢。治疗后期，回避得分较高且集中，未观察到症状与心率的关系。

In the first study, continuous attention to external stimuli was investigated in three groups from local area volunteers : PTSD group (n=10) who shows PTSD symptoms and has traumatic memories, high stress group (n=8) who shows PTSD symptoms, but does not have traumatic memories and normal group (n=9). (1)PTSD group scored less than high stress group and normal group in digit span task. High stress group did not differ from normal group. Difference could be attributed to traumatic experience. (2)In the index of subjective attention to current stimuli, normal is better than high stress, and high stress is better than PTSD group. The traumatic experience is not only factor causing the difference.In the second study, multiple regression analysis was applied to inventory data including attention, self-preoccupation, PTSD symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Inventory was collected from five hundred sixty four normal adults. Hyperactive symptoms explained attention, and attention explained depressive symptoms. Reexperience (intrusion) explained depressive symptoms.In the third study, indices of continuous attention were measured before and after EMDR treatment of ten clients who has PTSD symptoms. Digit span task score was improved by EMDR treatment. Subjective attention to current stimuli was improved by EMDR treatment. EMDR could improve their controllability of attention.In the forth study, a single case of PTSD was investigated in PTSD symptoms, heart rate change during session and attention. In early period of treatment, hyperactivity and intrusion was improved and counting score was improved and heart rate decreased during recollecting traumatic memories. In the later period of treatment, score of avoidance was relatively high and focused, relationship between symptoms and heart rate was not observed.