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The political research of modern Japanese constitutional monarchy compering with British modern monarchy

日本近代君主立宪制与英国近代君主制的政治研究

基本信息

批准号：
14510357
负责人：
ITOU Yukio
金额：
$ 1.02万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14510357/
关键词：
Emperor Meiji Emperor Taisho Emperor Showa Constitutional Monarchy Manchurian Incident Saionji Kinmochi Prince Titibu the image of emperor and the imperial family 牧野伸顕東久邇宮稔彦王君主制宮中伊藤博文山県有朋王公族宮中側近君主制の国際比較首相権限

项目摘要

The first research outcome has been to demonstrate that Japan developed a Constitutional Monarchy like Britain in the late 1920s, reflecting both the individuality of the successive Emperors, Meiji (Mutsuhito), Taisho (Yoshihito) and Showa (Hirohito), as well as the conditions of the age.The second is that one of the important reasons for the collapse of Constitutional Monarchy in 1932 was Emperor Showa's erratic interference in politics.The third outcome is that Saionji Kinmochi, the only Genro appointed by Emperor Showa, gave the most astute advice during the crises of the Showa era but that the Emperor did not follow it.The fourth has been to show that the images of the Emperor and the Imperial Family changed drastically from 1921 to 1932. After WW I, the Imperial Household Agency and the government worked to develop images of Crown Prince Hirohito and Prince Chichibu as being in touch with commoners, healthy and deeply interested in science. Prince Chichibu had success in this regard but Crown Prince Hirohito on the whole failed to secure this image. From the Hamaguchi Cabinet onwards, he appeared primarily in a Field Marshall's uniform and, from the Manchurian Incident on, always riding on a white horse which cultivated a divine mystique.

第一个研究成果是证明日本在1920年代后期发展出了像英国一样的君主立宪制，既反映了明治（陆奥仁）、大正（义仁）和昭和（裕仁）历代天皇的个性，也反映了时代的条件。第二，1932年君主立宪制崩溃的重要原因之一是昭和天皇的统治。第三个结果是，昭和天皇任命的唯一元老西园寺金持在昭和时代的危机中提出了最精明的建议，但天皇没有采纳。第四个结果是，从1921年到1932年，天皇和皇室的形象发生了巨大的变化。第一次世界大战后，宫内厅和政府致力于发展皇太子的形象。裕仁和秩父亲王与平民接触，身体健康，对科学有着浓厚的兴趣。秩父皇子在这方面取得了成功，但裕仁皇太子总体上未能确保这一形象。从滨口内阁开始，他主要穿着陆军元帅的制服出现，从满洲事变开始，他总是骑着一匹白马，营造出一种神圣的神秘感。