A Historical Study on Japanese Phonology and Accent by Old Type HEIKYOKU Scores

本研究试图从平调乐谱中重建前现代京都的重音模式。主要研究结果如下：1。平调分数与名词重音，特别是单音节名词重音的对应关系得到了可靠的证明。对于双音节名词与属格小品“no”出现时的重音，平定分数一致地区分出所谓的2类名词和3类名词。《平池·玛布诗》的异常低开头旋律的乐谱可以分为几种类型。4 .利用自我介绍中的人名重音，可以重构京都重音的历史变迁，即重音类型的趋于频繁和重音类型的合并。当代表演中自我介绍中人名的重音呈现H0或H1两种模式。前者是当代京都的基本口音模式之一，后者则是根据Heike mabushi的乐谱重建的前现代京都口音的外来口音-这种模式可能来自更古老的LLHL类型。在现存的旧式平球乐谱中，筑波大学、八宇本、马布诗和京都大学合集的“Hatanoryu”乐谱之间有着显著的对应关系。这表明他们的分数在很大程度上反映了前现代京都的口音。在江户前大游银浦型分数中，发现与筑波大学分数的显著对应关系。相比之下，据说属于江户前达的所谓“丰川谱”（剧场博物馆、早稻田大学收藏），与筑波大学的对应程度较差，而与Mabushi的对应程度较好。很难证明与任何一种口音的对应关系，以平头乐谱（金大一春彦的集合）。这一点还需要更多的研究。

The present study tries to establish the procedure for reconstructing the accent patterns of pre-modern Kyoto from Heikyoku scores. The main findings are as follows.1.The correspondence of Heikyoku scores and noun accents, especially those of one syllable nouns are reliably demonstrated.2.For the accent of two syllable noun when they appear with genitive particle ‘no', Heikyoku scores consistently differentiate so-called class 2 nouns from class 3 nouns.3.The score for exceptional low beginning melody found in Heike Mabushi can be classified into several types.4.The accent of person's name in self-introduction can be utilized for the reconstruction of historical change of accent in Kyoto, i.e. leveling to frequent types and merger of accent types.5.The accent of person's name in self-introduction in contemporary performances falls into either H0 or H1 pattern. While the former is one of the basic accent patterns in contemporary Kyoto, the latter is foreign to the pre-modern Kyoto accent reconstructed from the scores in Heike Mabushi-this pattern was presumably derived from older LLHL type.6.Among existing old type Heikyoku scores, a remarkable correspondence is found between the Tsukuba University, Yayubon, Mabushi, and Hatanoryu (Kyoto University collection) scores. This suggests that their scores largely reflect the accent of pre-modern Kyoto.7.Among Edo Maedaryu Ginpu-type scores, a remarkable correspondence is found to the Tsukuba University score. In contrast, the so-called Toyokawa's score (Theatre Museum, Waseda University collection), which is said to be among the Edo Maedaryu, correspondence is poorer to the Tsukuba University and better to the Mabushi score. It is difficult to demonstrate the correspondence to any kind of accent for Heikesho score (collection of Haruhiko Kindaichi). More study is needed for this one.