A Historical Study on Japanese Phonology and Accent by Old Type HEIKYOKU Scores

本研究试图建立从Heikyoku分数重建前现代京都口音模式的程序。主要研究结果如下：1.对名词重音，尤其是单音节名词的重音，Heikyoku评分与名词重音的对应关系是可靠的。2.对于双音节名词的重音，Heikyoku分数一致地区分了所谓的2类名词和3类名词。3.《平科真志》中发现的极低开头旋律的分数可以分为几种类型。4.自我介绍中的人名重音可以用来重建京都口音的历史变化，5.当代表演中自我介绍中人名的重音分为H0或H1两种。虽然前者是当代京都的基本口音模式之一，但后者与由平科真志的口音重建的前现代京都口音是陌生的--这种模式可能是从较早的LLHL类型的口音重建而来的。6.在现有的旧式Heikyoku口音中，筑波大学、Yayubon、Mabushi和Hatanoryu(京都大学合集)的口音之间存在显著的对应关系。这表明他们的分数在很大程度上反映了前现代共同社的口音。7.江户前藤金普类型的分数与筑波大学的分数有显著的对应关系。相比之下，所谓的丰川谱(戏剧博物馆，早稻田大学收藏)，据说是江户前藤学中的一部分，与筑波大学的对应程度较差，与Mabushi的对应程度较好。平正乐谱(金地春彦的合集)很难证明与任何口音的对应。对于这一点还需要更多的研究。

The present study tries to establish the procedure for reconstructing the accent patterns of pre-modern Kyoto from Heikyoku scores. The main findings are as follows.1.The correspondence of Heikyoku scores and noun accents, especially those of one syllable nouns are reliably demonstrated.2.For the accent of two syllable noun when they appear with genitive particle ‘no', Heikyoku scores consistently differentiate so-called class 2 nouns from class 3 nouns.3.The score for exceptional low beginning melody found in Heike Mabushi can be classified into several types.4.The accent of person's name in self-introduction can be utilized for the reconstruction of historical change of accent in Kyoto, i.e. leveling to frequent types and merger of accent types.5.The accent of person's name in self-introduction in contemporary performances falls into either H0 or H1 pattern. While the former is one of the basic accent patterns in contemporary Kyoto, the latter is foreign to the pre-modern Kyoto accent reconstructed from the scores in Heike Mabushi-this pattern was presumably derived from older LLHL type.6.Among existing old type Heikyoku scores, a remarkable correspondence is found between the Tsukuba University, Yayubon, Mabushi, and Hatanoryu (Kyoto University collection) scores. This suggests that their scores largely reflect the accent of pre-modern Kyoto.7.Among Edo Maedaryu Ginpu-type scores, a remarkable correspondence is found to the Tsukuba University score. In contrast, the so-called Toyokawa's score (Theatre Museum, Waseda University collection), which is said to be among the Edo Maedaryu, correspondence is poorer to the Tsukuba University and better to the Mabushi score. It is difficult to demonstrate the correspondence to any kind of accent for Heikesho score (collection of Haruhiko Kindaichi). More study is needed for this one.