Cognitive Iconicity in Eventuality and Syntactic Structures in the English Language

按照Freed 1979年和Worst 1988年提出的思路，事件被分析为由开始、核心和结尾组成的时间概念。从事件结构和合并的角度仔细地检查和澄清了关键的例子。词尾隐含的倾斜度可分为词汇层次、动词短语层次和句子结构层次三个层次。从认知和体现的角度指出并解释了在原代和衍生名词中所观察到的转喻延伸往往不是核到开始型的延伸，而是核到尾型的延伸。最后，这些例子被归入转喻的更广泛的视角。从转喻的角度来解释各种各样的词汇扩展，包括名动词、词汇层面的变化（例如say， babble, chatter, snarl, falter）和短语层面的变化（例如make one's way to the door, pushing one's way to the door, laugh his way to bank, murder his way to the top），从而可以得出转喻在词汇扩展机制中起着至关重要作用的结论。

Events are analysed as temporal notions consisting of an onset, a nucleus and a coda along the lines suggested by Freed 1979 and Worst 1988. Crucial examples have been carefully examined and clarified in terms of event structures and the rusultative perspectives. The gradience of implication of a coda can be observed in three levels, lexical levels, verb phrase levels, and sentence structure levels. The fact that metonymical extensions observed in gerundive and derived nominals tend not to be a nucleus-to-onset type of extension but to be a nucleus-to-coda type of extension, is pointed out and explicated from the cognitive and embodiment points of view. Eventually these examples are subsumed under to a more wide perspective of metonymy. Various lexical extensions including denominal verbs, lexical-level variations (ex. say, babble, chatter, snarl, falter), and phrase-level variations (ex. make one's way to the door, pushing one' way to the door, laugh his way to the bank, murder his way to the top) should be explicated from the metonymic point of view, which safely leads to the conclusion that it is metonymy that plays a crucial role in the mechanism of lexical extension.