The internal relation between clandestine philosophical manuscripts and theological controversies in the period of the 'Crisis of the European Mind'

“欧洲心灵危机”时期秘密哲学手稿与神学争论之间的内在联系

• 批准号: 14510563
• 负责人: MITSUI Yoshitoshi
• 金额: $ 1.79万
• 依托单位: Chiba University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14510563/
• 关键词: Treatise of the Three Impostors; L'Esprit de Spinoza; clandestine philosophical manuscripts; Enlightenment; atheism; materialism; 反宗教的地下文書; 啓蒙前期; 啓蒙期地下文書; 理神論; スピノザ主義; 亡命カルヴァン派; 合理主義的キリスト教; 啓蒙思想; 地下文書; 民衆啓蒙; ヨーロッパ意識の危機; ジャン・メリエ

This study tries to address the question of the influence of Thomas Hobbes' materialism and John Toland's radial rationalism on the continental Radical Enlightenment. By exploring the resources of ‘The Treatise of the Three Impostors' (<Traite des trios imposteurs> or <L'Esprit de Spinoza>), one of the most important and circulated clandestine philosophical manuscripts the study shows that it consists of extracts not only from the works of Spinoza but also from Hobbes' ‘Leviathan'. One result of this reconstruction of ‘The Treatise' will be to suggest that we should reevaluate the impact of Hobbes on the continent : various copies of this clandestine manuscript were widely circulated in the Europe from the early 18^<th> century but little historical interest has been paid to his influence. The other influence is shown in the works of d'Holbach, a hidden great propagandist of the materialistic atheism. He translated and published Hobbes' 'The Human nature, or the Fundamental Elements of Policy'. He also translated and paraphrased <Of Reason> in Toland's ‘Christianity Not Mysterious' in order to adapt his ideas of reason for use as the arms of atheism. Interestingly enough, Toland had adopted his ideas of reason from John Lock's ‘An Essay concerning Human Understanding' and elaborated a new concept of reason which was to supply a theoretical basis to the rational theology or the deism. It was necessary for a propagandist of the Radical Enlightenment to introduce and combine Toland's radical rationalism and Hobbes' materialism in the second half of the 18^<th> century.

本文试图探讨托马斯霍布斯的唯物主义和托兰的径向理性主义对大陆激进启蒙运动的影响。通过对《三个骗子的忏悔》（<Traite des trios imposteurs>或称《斯宾诺莎的精神》）这部最重要、最广为流传的秘密哲学手稿的资源分析，发现它不仅包括斯宾诺莎的著作，而且还包括霍布斯的《利维坦》。重建《霍布斯的故事》的一个结果是，我们应该重新评估霍布斯对欧洲大陆的影响：这份秘密手稿的各种副本从18世纪初开始在欧洲广泛流传<th>，但对他的影响却没有什么历史兴趣。另一种影响则表现在一个隐藏的伟大的唯物主义无神论宣传者霍尔巴赫的著作中。他翻译并出版了霍布斯的《人性，或政策的基本要素》。他还翻译和解释<Of Reason>了托兰的“基督教并不神秘”，以适应他的思想，作为无神论的武器使用的原因。有趣的是，托兰从约翰·洛克的《人类理解论》中吸收了他的理性思想，并阐述了一个新的理性概念，为理性神学或自然神论提供了理论基础。18^世纪后半叶，作为激进启蒙运动的宣传者，对托兰的激进理性主义和霍布斯的唯物主义进行介绍和联合收割机的结合是必要<th>的。

项目成果

Yoshitoshi MITSUI: "Searching for the Underground Philosophical Vein of the Old Regime : The crisis of the European mind and clandestine literature (resume)"La Lettre Clandestine. No 12-2003. (2004)

三井芳俊：“寻找旧政权的地下哲学脉络：欧洲思想和秘密文学的危机（简历）”La Lettre Clandestine。

三井吉俊: "反乱への無限なる樹形-ジャン・メリエと二つの無限"人文研究. 39. (2003)

三井芳俊：“叛逆的无限之树——让·梅利埃和两个无限”人文研究39。（2003）

Yoshitoshi MITSUI: "Le monde infini en grand arbre contre Dieu : Jean Meslier et deux infinis (resume)"La Lettre Clandestine. No 12-2003. (2004)

三井吉俊：“Le monde infini en grand arbre contre Dieu：Jean Meslier et deux infinis（简历）”La Lettre Clandestine。

Searching for the Underground Philosophical Vein of the Old Regime : The crisis of the European mind and clandestine Literature

寻找旧制度的地下哲学脉络:欧洲思想与秘密文学的危机

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: Shiso(Thougut) No.939
• 作者: Yoshitoshi Mitsui;Yoshitoshi Mitsui;Yoshitoshi Mitsui;三井吉俊;Yoshitoshi Mitsui;三井吉俊;Yoshitoshi Mitsui
• 通讯作者: Yoshitoshi Mitsui

三井吉俊: "地下の水脈へ-ヨーロッパ意識の危機と地下文書-"思想. 939. 27-50 (2002)

三井义俊：“到地下水脉——欧洲意识和地下文献的危机”思考。 939. 27-50 (2002)