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A Position of the Innominate Contracts in Roman Contract Law

无名合同在罗马合同法中的地位

基本信息

批准号：
14520008
负责人：
HAYASHI Nobuo
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study aims at a reconstruction of Roman Contract Law, through a reconsideration of a birth and development of the innominate contracts, and of a reappraisal of academic results since the 19^<th> century, in view of a disagreement of opinions about a birth time, its reason ant historical background of our contracts. Namely, we reach a consensus on a contractual character of the innominate contracts in the 6^<th> century, but we don't on the when, why and how of their contractual protection.Consequently : 1.the four types of the innominate contracts acquired successively a contractual protection for three centuries after Christ ; this results from a reexamination of both legal sources and non-legal sources. 2.a contractual protection of our contracts means theoretically a destruction of the traditional contract law, which was the same as the birth of consensual contracts meant. In other words, Roman Contract Law requires for the validity a certain formality, as words or conduct. Our contracts and consensual contracts played such a part most effectively in breaking the traditional law in point of the formality and the adhesion of each contract to each formula. But we must observe that those contracts differ much form these contracts as regards pre-fulfillment of one party.

本研究旨在通过对无名契约的产生和发展的重新思考，以及对19世纪以来学术成果的重新评价，针对无名契约的诞生时间及其原因和历史背景的不同意见，对罗马契约法进行重构。也就是说，我们对六世纪无名契约的契约性质达成了共识，但对它们何时、为何、如何获得契约保护却没有达成共识。由此可见： 1、四种无名契约在基督之后相继获得了长达三个世纪的契约保护；这是对法律来源和非法律来源进行重新审查的结果。 2.合同的合同保护在理论上意味着对传统合同法的破坏，这与合意合同的诞生意义相同。换句话说，罗马合同法要求一定的形式（如言语或行为）才有效。我们的合同和合意合同在打破传统法律方面最有效地发挥了这样的作用，从形式上以及每个合同对每个公式的遵守来看。但我们必须注意到，这些合同在一方的预先履行方面与这些合同有很大不同。