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Legal Problems on the Protection of the Patients' Medical Information

患者医疗信息保护的法律问题

基本信息

批准号：
14520057
负责人：
TEJIMA Yutaka
金额：
$ 0.7万
依托单位：
Kobe University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14520057/
关键词：
health information genetic information medical examination privacy duty of confidence doctor medical stuff 医療事故患者の権利電子カルテ個人情報 HIPPA法情報開示

项目摘要

In order for a doctor to carry out proper diagnosis and medical treatment to a patient, it is necessary to get proper and accurate information from the patient. The doctors and the medical staffs are, therefore, owe the duty of confidentiality by medical ethics and the law including civil law and criminal law. However, present regulations are not enough for protection of such information. It is getting popular in a rapid pace, and genetic examination and therapy are put in practice in many fields of treatments. Genetic information influences not only the patient but also patient's relatives. If improper management of medical information will continue, it may cause serious ploblems to society. There should be some different approach toward the types of medical information according to the importance of information (genetic code information, serious illness such as infection of HIV, sexually transmitted disease, drug dependence, etc.). Although there may be some objection toward such the "genetic exceptionalism", which regards a genetic code far more important than the ordinary medical-examination information, the main idea of such objection argues the insufficiency of present medical examination information protection system, the important point is common among them. In this context, to divide the medical-examination information into the information that connect to a specific individual and to the medical data originated from the "humans" is one of the proper way to manage medical-examination information in the standpoint of the practice of the right of privacy (Gostin). Although there are not few subjects which should be examined, it is desirable to advance the argument in this direction.

为了使医生对病人进行正确的诊断和治疗，有必要从病人那里获得正确和准确的信息。因此，医生和医务人员负有医学伦理和民法、刑法等法律规定的保密义务。然而，目前的法规不足以保护这些信息。它正在迅速普及，基因检查和治疗在许多治疗领域都得到了实施。遗传信息不仅影响患者，而且影响患者的亲属。如果医疗信息管理不善的情况继续下去，可能会给社会带来严重的问题。应根据信息的重要性（遗传密码信息、严重疾病，如艾滋病毒感染、性传播疾病、药物依赖等），对医疗信息的类型采取不同的做法。虽然对于这种将遗传密码看得比普通体检信息重要得多的“遗传例外论”可能会有一些异议，但这种异议的主要观点是认为现行体检信息保护制度的不足，其中的要点是共同的。在这种情况下，从隐私权实践的角度来看，将医疗检查信息分为与特定个人有关的信息和来自“人”的医疗数据是管理医疗检查信息的适当方式之一（Gostin）。虽然有不少课题应该加以研究，但最好是朝这个方向推进论证。