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A Study on the Intellectual Development of Maruyama Masao

丸山正雄的智力发展研究

基本信息

批准号：
14520101
负责人：
HONDA Itsuo
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
Kyusyu Institute of Technology(K.I.T.)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14520101/
关键词：
Maruyama Masao Nanbara Shigeru Liberalism Fukuzawa Yukichi Christianity Tolerance

项目摘要

Maruyama Masao's experience in his youth, from the late 1930s to 1945, included persecution by the state authority for him and for his contemporary liberal intellectuals. This experience revealed, he believed, first, that Japanese authority didn't hesitate to effect individuals' mind. Second, that there was a gap between Western ideologies and the Japanese (sub) consciousness.Maruyama tried to explore and overcome these problems. In so doing, he was especially inspired by his adviser, a devout Christian, Nanbara Shigeru. In spite of his harsh criticisms of liberalism and Marxism, Nanbara confronted the Japanese reactionaries of the time, and still exhibited tolerance toward those who held causes different from his.Maruyama tried to expose hidden, arcaic Japanese thought patterns which led to superficial acceptance of Western ideas. Also, he endeavored to de-mystify the Japanese concepts of the state and of the emperor. This included some criticisms of Nanbara as well as Maruyama himself. However, Maruyama's later research of traditions and orthodoxies or legitimacies implied that his stance came closer to Nanbara's, who believed in objective existence of the universal and of the transcendental : such as reason, individual dignity, conscience, or God. Maruyama observed that these were shared by many Western liberals, Marxists, humanitarians or Christians. He referred to them as the inner unseeable, authority which ultimately supported the intellectuals' integrity.

丸山正夫在1930年代末至1945年的青年时期的经历包括国家当局对他和他同时代的自由主义知识分子的迫害。他认为，这一经历表明，首先，日本当局毫不犹豫地影响个人的思想。其次，西方意识形态与日本人的（潜）意识之间存在差距。丸山试图探索并克服这些问题。在这样做时，他特别受到他的顾问，一位虔诚的基督徒Nanbara Shigeru的启发。尽管他对自由主义和马克思主义进行了严厉的批评，但南原面对当时的日本反动派，仍然对那些与他持不同立场的人表现出宽容。丸山试图揭露隐藏的、导致对西方思想肤浅接受的日本思想模式。此外，他热衷于去神秘化日本的国家和天皇的概念。这包括对Nanbara和Maruyama本人的一些批评。然而，丸山后来对传统和正统或合法性的研究表明，他的立场更接近南原，南原相信普遍和先验的客观存在：如理性，个人尊严，良心或上帝。丸山观察到，许多西方自由主义者、马克思主义者、人道主义者或基督徒都有这些想法。他把他们称为内在的不可见的权威，最终支撑了知识分子的完整性。