Formation of the axes of cleavages concerning the social and economic policies in France after 1995

本研究将皮尔森提出的福利国家重构的新政治学模型应用于20世纪80年代和90年代法国福利国家改革的政治进程中，旨在对20世纪90年代富裕民主国家，特别是法国的社会经济政策的分裂轴心进行比较分析。根据皮尔森的说法，紧缩的政治与旧的政治，即福利扩张的政治有很大的不同。在欧洲大陆福利国家中，法国福利国家的重建似乎是一件困难的事情。然而，在20世纪90年代，法国福利国家的面貌被重新审视，福利制度的重大改革开始启动。法国社会福利制度的创新，不仅是法国社会经济问题、社会结构矛盾、社会福利制度改革的结果，也是法国社会福利制度改革的重要内容。 ...更多信息 这不仅涉及到经济和社会组织行为者及其政策方案，而且涉及到社会和经济政策方面新的分歧形成的条件。尽管20世纪80年代的旧政治假说得到了支持，但证据表明，新的政治视角更能解释20世纪90年代法国福利国家改革的政治过程。与许多流行的解释相比，这种比较和具体的国别（法国）分析表明，全球化和欧洲一体化并没有产生国家社会和经济政策的趋同，而全球化和欧洲一体化对战后福利国家和社会契约变迁的影响也不容忽视。但2000年3月欧盟为增强欧洲经济竞争力、重建社会包容和改善欧洲治理而启动的“里斯本战略”的经验表明，欧洲一体化与国家政治之间的关系非常复杂，国家再分配可以等同于社会经济政策的去欧洲化。我们必须在国家、区域和全球各级审查分歧和趋同的动态。少

This research project is aimed at contributing to the development of the comparative anlalyses of the axes of cleavages concerning the social and economic policies in affluent democracies, especially in France, in the 1990s.The investigator applied the model of the new politics of Welfare State restructuing, proposed by Paul Pierson, to the political process of French welfare state reform in the 1980s and 1990s. According to Pierson, the politics of retrenchment is very different from the old politics, the politics of the welfare expansion. Among the continental welfare states, it seemed to be difficult to restructure French welfare state. In the 1990s, however, one could find that the landscape of French welfare state has been defrosted and the important innovations of the welfare system have launched. Institutions of French welfare system structured these innovations, which are not only the result of the constellation of the economic and societal problems, the conflicts of various so … More cio-economic actors and their policy programmes, but also the conditions of the formation of the new cleavages concerning the social and economic policies. Despite support for the old politics hypothesis in the 1980s, the evidence shows that the new politics perspectives can explain more the political process of the French welfare state restructuring in the 1990s.In contrast to many prevailing accounts, this comparative and specific country (France) analyses demontrate that the globalization and European integration have not produced the convergence of national social and economic policies, whereas one could not ignore the impact of the globalization and European integration on the changes of the welfare states and social contract in the post-world-war era. But the experiences of the Lisbon strategy, launched by the EU in March 2000 in order to make the European economy more competitive, rebuild the social inclusion and improve the European governance, shows that the relation between the European integration and the national politics is so complicated that national reallocation could be identified with de-Europeanisation of social and economic policies. We must examine the dynamics of the divergence and the convergence at national, regional and global level. Less