Research of EU Accession of Central and Eastern European Countries including Romania and Bulgaria, and its Impacts to Japan

在本研究中，首先对中东欧国家（CEECs）的转型进行了整体概述。经确认：-中东欧国家的经济差异是由其初始条件和过渡政策造成的；-这些差异至少在短期内不会消失；-缩小这些分歧需要中东欧国家自身的努力，主要需要欧盟的协助。其次，对罗马尼亚的经济绩效和FDI进行了分析。罗马尼亚的外国直接投资政策已作了一定程度的安排。但与发达的中东欧国家相比，给予外国公司的激励力度并不大。加强罗马尼亚的法律和经济基础是吸引更多外国直接投资的第一个线索。第三，分析了罗马尼亚的外商直接投资情况。保加利亚还必须通过外国直接投资和外国技术来提高其经济基础水平。但FDI数据显示，中国的FDI水平并不令人满意，其FDI激励机制也不太好。保加利亚本身需要作出更多的努力来推进过渡并成为一个成功的欧盟成员。第四，研究了波罗的海三国的经济状况，作为其他先进的中东欧国家的样本。这些国家的转型进行得相当顺利，在宏观经济阶段取得了良好的效果。但是，所有这些波罗的海国家都面临着外部失衡，高科技、信息技术和其他产业缺乏竞争力，而不是轻工业。在它们加入欧盟后，加强这些行业的竞争力，例如通过中小企业促进政策，是与欧盟现有成员国和其他新成员国竞争的紧迫任务。

In this research, firstly, overview of the transition as a whole in the central and eastern European countries (CEECs) has been carried out. The followings have been confirmed :- The economic differences in the CEECs have been caused by their initial conditions and their transition policies ;- These differences would not be vanished, at least, in the short run ;- Efforts by the CEECs themselves and assistance mainly from the EU would be needed to shrink these differences.Secondly, the economic performance and FDI in Romania have been analyzed. The FDI policies in Romania have been arranged to some degree. But the incentives given to foreign companies are not strong, comparing with those in the advanced CEECs. Strengthening of the Romanian juridical and economic fundamentals is the first clue to induce more FDI.Thirdly, the FDI in Romania has been analyzed. Bulgaria also has to level up her economic fundamentals through FDI and foreign technologies. But the FDI data shows that the level of FDI has not been satisfactory, and her FDI incentives are not in a good appearance. More efforts by Bulgaria itself will be necessary to put the transition forward and to be a successful member of the EU.Fourthly, the economic situations in the Baltic three countries have been examined, as samples of the other advanced CEECs. Transition in these countries have been conducted rather smoothly with the good consequences in the macro economic stage. But, all these Baltic countries are facing the external imbalances, and the high-tech, IT and other industries than the light ones are lacking their competitiveness. After they enter the EU, strengthening the competitiveness in these industries, for example, through the SME promotion policies are the urgent tasks to compete with the existing and other new EU members.