Urban Small Businesses in Japan's Indigenous Economic Development

日本本土经济发展中的城市小企业

• 批准号: 14530087
• 负责人: TANIMOTO Masayuki
• 金额: $ 1.54万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14530087/
• 关键词: indigenous economic development; Urban small business; Urban small manufacturing; Industrial cluster; toy industry; Urban cluster; dispersed production system; Tokyo; 工業組合; 実用新案; 新規開業; 徒弟; 小経営; 都市史; 在来的発展; 小工業; 労働市場; 二重構造; 問屋制; 女性労働; 都

The aim of this research was to explore Japan's pre-war industrialization from the viewpoint of urban small-scale businesses. As we have pointed out in the previous studies, the industrialization process in modern Japan included so-called "indigenous economic development". A typical case can be seen in the development of rural weaving industry before the World War I. There functioned the production form besides factory such as putting-out system based on the peasant's sideline work. After the World War I, however, putting-out system in the weaving industry rapidly gave way to factory system that equipped the power looms. Contrastively, the industrial development in large cities, especially in Tokyo during the Inter-war period, entailed the increase of newly formed petty and small workshops. There functioned the production system based on the complex transaction of merchants, factories, small workshops and domestic works. Toy manufacturing, which developed as an export industry in the I … More nter-war Tokyo, was one of the typical industries based on that production system. As the urban area lacked the peasants and the intimate communities, urban small businesses stood on the different foundations. The skill was trained in the quasi-apprentice system where juvenile workers experienced a sort of on-the-job training. Based on this skill formation, not a few employees set up their own businesses and competed even with the wholesalers. Their activities were supported by the positive externality of the cluster. The formal and informal institutions played significant roles to prevent the transactions from disorder. The role of production organizer that combined the function of the merchant was also important. The combination of the merchant and the household economy, together with the social and institutional basis, promoted an industrialization based on the small businesses. These results of this research indicates that the "indigenous economic development", although the arenas of which changed from rural area to urban area, still played a significant roles in Japanese economic development after the W.W.I. Less

本研究的目的是从城市小企业的角度探讨日本战前的工业化。正如我们在以前的研究中所指出的那样，现代日本的工业化进程包括所谓的“本土经济发展”。一个典型的案例可以从一战前农村织布业的发展中看到。以农民副业为基础的外包制等工厂以外的生产形式也在发挥作用。然而，第一次世界大战后，纺织业的外包制迅速让位于装备动力织机的工厂制。相比之下，大城市的工业发展，特别是在两次世界大战期间的东京，需要增加新成立的小型和小型作坊。以商人、工厂、小作坊和家庭作坊的复杂交易为基础的生产体系发挥着作用。玩具制造业，作为一个出口产业，在1970年发展起来。 ...更多信息 战后的东京，就是以这种生产方式为基础的典型产业之一。由于城市地区缺乏农民和亲密的社区，城市小企业的基础不同。这一技能是在准学徒制度中培训的，在这种制度中，少年工人经历了某种在职培训。基于这种技能形成，不少员工成立了自己的企业，甚至与批发商竞争。它们的活动得到了集群积极外部性的支持。正式制度和非正式制度在防止交易失序方面发挥了重要作用。结合商人职能的生产组织者的作用也很重要。商人与家庭经济的结合，加上社会和制度基础，促进了以小企业为基础的工业化。这些研究结果表明，“本土经济发展”在战后日本的经济发展中，虽然其舞台从农村转向城市，但仍然发挥着重要作用。少

项目成果

The Re-organization of Indigenous Industries

本土产业重组

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Economic History of Modern Japan(Hayami, Akira, Osamu Saito and Ronald Toby eds.)Oxford U.P. Vol.1
• 作者: Osamu Saito;Masayuki Tanimoto
• 通讯作者: Masayuki Tanimoto

Indigenous Economic Development of Modern Japan

近代日本本土经济的发展

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Research or Medium and Small Scale Firms No.81
• 作者: 谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto;Masayuki Tanimoto;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto
• 通讯作者: Masayuki Tanimoto

近代日本の『在来的経済発展』

近代日本的“传统经济发展”

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 中小商工業研究 81号
• 作者: 谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto;Masayuki Tanimoto;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之
• 通讯作者: 谷本雅之

近代日本の都市「小経営」-「東京市市勢調査」を素材として

现代日本城市的“小企业”——基于“东京都人口普查”

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: 都市化と在来産業(中村隆英・藤井信幸編)(日本経済評論社)
• 作者: Osamu Saito;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之
• 通讯作者: 谷本雅之

Urban Small Businesses in Modern Japan

现代日本的城市小企业

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: Urbanization of Indigenous Industries (T.Nakamura, N.Fujii eds.) (Nihonkeizaihyoron-sya)
• 作者: Osamu Saito;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto
• 通讯作者: Masayuki Tanimoto