Urban Small Businesses in Japan's Indigenous Economic Development

日本本土经济发展中的城市小企业

• 批准号: 14530087
• 负责人: TANIMOTO Masayuki
• 金额: $ 1.54万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14530087/
• 关键词: indigenous economic development; Urban small business; Urban small manufacturing; Industrial cluster; toy industry; Urban cluster; dispersed production system; Tokyo; 工業組合; 実用新案; 新規開業; 徒弟; 小経営; 都市史; 在来的発展; 小工業; 労働市場; 二重構造; 問屋制; 女性労働; 都

The aim of this research was to explore Japan's pre-war industrialization from the viewpoint of urban small-scale businesses. As we have pointed out in the previous studies, the industrialization process in modern Japan included so-called "indigenous economic development". A typical case can be seen in the development of rural weaving industry before the World War I. There functioned the production form besides factory such as putting-out system based on the peasant's sideline work. After the World War I, however, putting-out system in the weaving industry rapidly gave way to factory system that equipped the power looms. Contrastively, the industrial development in large cities, especially in Tokyo during the Inter-war period, entailed the increase of newly formed petty and small workshops. There functioned the production system based on the complex transaction of merchants, factories, small workshops and domestic works. Toy manufacturing, which developed as an export industry in the I … More nter-war Tokyo, was one of the typical industries based on that production system. As the urban area lacked the peasants and the intimate communities, urban small businesses stood on the different foundations. The skill was trained in the quasi-apprentice system where juvenile workers experienced a sort of on-the-job training. Based on this skill formation, not a few employees set up their own businesses and competed even with the wholesalers. Their activities were supported by the positive externality of the cluster. The formal and informal institutions played significant roles to prevent the transactions from disorder. The role of production organizer that combined the function of the merchant was also important. The combination of the merchant and the household economy, together with the social and institutional basis, promoted an industrialization based on the small businesses. These results of this research indicates that the "indigenous economic development", although the arenas of which changed from rural area to urban area, still played a significant roles in Japanese economic development after the W.W.I. Less

本研究的目的是从城市小规模企业的角度来探讨日本战前的工业化。正如我们在以前的研究中指出的那样，现代日本的工业化进程包括所谓的“本土经济发展”。第一次世界大战前乡村织布业的发展就是一个典型的例子，除了工厂以外，还有以农民副业为基础的投放制等生产方式。然而，第一次世界大战后，织造业的放纱系统迅速被配备动力织机的工厂系统所取代。相比之下，大城市的工业发展，特别是在两次世界大战期间的东京，需要增加新形成的小作坊。这里的生产系统是基于商人、工厂、小作坊和家政工作的复杂交易而运作的。玩具制造业，在I…中作为出口产业发展起来战后的东京是建立在这种生产体系基础上的典型产业之一。由于城市地区缺乏农民和亲密的社区，城市小企业站在不同的基础上。这项技能是在准学徒制中培训的，在这种制度下，青少年工人经历了一种在职培训。基于这种技能形成，不少员工创办了自己的企业，甚至与批发商竞争。它们的活动得到了集群正外部性的支持。正式制度和非正式制度在防止交易无序方面发挥了重要作用。结合商人职能的生产组织者的作用也很重要。商人和家庭经济的结合，加上社会和制度基础，促进了以小企业为基础的工业化。这些研究结果表明，二战后日本的“本土经济发展”虽然从农村地区转向城市地区，但在日本的经济发展中仍然发挥着重要的作用。

项目成果

The Re-organization of Indigenous Industries

本土产业重组

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Economic History of Modern Japan(Hayami, Akira, Osamu Saito and Ronald Toby eds.)Oxford U.P. Vol.1
• 作者: Osamu Saito;Masayuki Tanimoto
• 通讯作者: Masayuki Tanimoto

Indigenous Economic Development of Modern Japan

近代日本本土经济的发展

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Research or Medium and Small Scale Firms No.81
• 作者: 谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto;Masayuki Tanimoto;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto
• 通讯作者: Masayuki Tanimoto

近代日本の『在来的経済発展』

近代日本的“传统经济发展”

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 中小商工業研究 81号
• 作者: 谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto;Masayuki Tanimoto;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之
• 通讯作者: 谷本雅之

近代日本の都市「小経営」-「東京市市勢調査」を素材として

现代日本城市的“小企业”——基于“东京都人口普查”

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: 都市化と在来産業(中村隆英・藤井信幸編)(日本経済評論社)
• 作者: Osamu Saito;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之
• 通讯作者: 谷本雅之

Urban Small Businesses in Modern Japan

现代日本的城市小企业

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: Urbanization of Indigenous Industries (T.Nakamura, N.Fujii eds.) (Nihonkeizaihyoron-sya)
• 作者: Osamu Saito;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto;谷本雅之;Masayuki Tanimoto
• 通讯作者: Masayuki Tanimoto