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Experimental research on the life space of the deep-sea large-sized swift-moving benthic organisms

深海大型快速移动底栖生物生存空间实验研究

基本信息

批准号：
14540575
负责人：
OHTA Suguru
金额：
$ 2.11万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Bottom-moored beat-trap-camera-current meter systems were deployed on the deep-sea floor to attract benthic swift-moving organisms by remote chemical stimuli and possibly by auditory sense. Experiments of this year were focused on the vertical migration of deep-sea demersal fishes and decapods using vertical series of baited-traps on a single mooring system during KT-04-07 and KT-04-10 cruises.Bottom-moored system consisted of a bottom base (bait-trap, camera, current meter and acoustic releaser mounted on a frame with buoys and ballast weights), and a series of bait traps situated 50m, 100m, 200m and 400m above bottom. Bottom mooring duration was 24 hours. The camera recorded and the bottom bait-trap collected ordinary benthic faunal composition and biomass as can be expected. Two deep-sea cods, Physiculus maximoviczi were collected 200m off bottom, and gave the actual data of 200m/24hrs vertical migration. However, the components of the vertical migrants were only a fraction of the members inhabiting the deep-sea floor. The results of the Sagami Trough evidenced another pronounced events. Dense clouds of gravity currents attacked the station, and the bottom 100m layer was severely blurred by the sediment clouds and collected no catch and gave no photographic records. Some elements collected 200m off the bottom can be interpreted as the avoidance of the gravity currents. Many reports of the rarely occurring swimming up of deep-sea macrourids are apt to lead to the overestimation of the swimming up movement of the many demersal fishes. These notion contradicts to the low density of midwater prey organisms.Parallel experiments of intensive trawling revealed, 1)subtle difference of the faunal composition in the daytime trawl and nighttime trawl on the upper bathyal zone, and 2)the change in bathymetrical zonation and food habit along with the growth. These results were published on the domestic and international journals.

海底系泊热捕集器-摄像机-流速计系统被部署在深海海底，通过远程化学刺激和可能的听觉来吸引底栖生物快速移动。今年的试验重点是在KT-04-07和KT-04-10巡航期间，在一个系泊系统上使用垂直系列饵网，观察深海底栖鱼类和十足类的垂直迁移。底部系泊系统包括一个底部基座（鱼饵陷阱、摄像机、流速计和安装在带有浮标和压载物重量的框架上的声释放器），以及位于底部50米、100米、200米和400米以上的一系列鱼饵陷阱。底系泊时间为24小时。相机记录和底部诱捕器收集了普通底栖动物的动物组成和生物量，可以预期。在距海底200m处采集了两条深海鳕鱼Physiculus maximoviczi，并给出了200m/24hrs垂直迁移的实际数据。然而，垂直移民的组成部分只是居住在深海海底的成员的一小部分。相模海槽的结果证明了另一个显著的事件。浓密的重力流云袭击了站点，底部100米层被沉积物云严重模糊，没有捕捉到任何东西，也没有摄影记录。在离海底200米处收集的一些元素可以解释为避免了重力流。许多关于深海大型鱼类很少上浮的报道，容易导致对许多底栖鱼类上浮运动的高估。这些观点与中水捕食生物的低密度相矛盾。密集拖网平行实验结果表明：①白天拖网和夜间拖网在深水区上部区系组成上存在细微差异；②水深分区和食性随生长的变化。研究结果发表在国内外期刊上。