Study on Design Guidelines and Diffusion of High-standard Evacuation Facility for Securing the Disaster-vulnerable

1. 医疗福利设施的消防安全设计分析通过对逃生设施、消防隔间和逃生阳台的位置和尺寸进行调查，比较ADA无障碍指南中对救援援助区域的要求。在医疗福利设施中设置救援救助区域的可行性研究通过对满足救援救助区域需求而增加的建筑面积进行了估算，并提出了缓解建筑成本增加的可行措施。通过网络问卷调查的方式对有经验的建筑师提出的建议进行评价。建筑师对高标准逃生设施有效性的意见调查通过问卷调查的方式，对具有医疗或福利设施设计经验的建筑师进行外部逃生坡道、救援救援区域等高标准逃生设施的认可度和意见调查。调查表明，高标准的逃生设施是火灾中有效的逃生手段。阐明了设计中可能出现的问题及对规划的影响。阶梯式坡道对轮椅使用者移动性的评价单位坡道的大小和形式是通过仔细的实验确定的。然后在1:20的坡道上布置两个单元坡道，形成最小的步进坡道，与正常的1:20坡道进行比较。测量了轮椅使用者在两个坡道上的加速度和行走距离，以比较他们对移动能力的评价。确定了阶梯式坡道在机动性和安全性方面优于普通坡道。提出了将阶梯坡道应用于曲线坡道的可行性研究，将每个矩形坡道转换为梯形坡道。在弯曲的坡道上安装阶梯式坡道，既能保证轮椅使用者的安全，又不会破坏坡道的美观。

1. Analysis of fire safety design in medical and welfare facilitiesLocation and dimensions of escape facilities, fire compartments and escape balconies were surveyed to compare the requirement of the areas of rescue assistance in ADA Accessibility Guidelines.2. Feasibility study of installing areas of rescue assistance in medical and welfare facilitiesThe increase in floor area by satisfying the requirement for the area of rescue assistance was estimated, and the feasible actions to relieve the increase in building cost were suggested. The suggestive ideas were evaluated by the experienced architects through internet questionnaire survey.3. Opinion survey of architects on effectiveness of high-standard escape facilitiesRecognition and opinion of high-standard escape facilities such as exterior escape ramp and area of rescue assistance were surveyed through questionnaire to architects who has the experience to design medical or welfare facilities. The survey clarified that high-standard escape facilities are regarded as effective means of escape in fire. Expected problems in design and the influence on planning are also clarified.4. Evaluation of mobility on step-by-step ramp by wheelchair usersSize and form of unit ramp were decided through careful experimentation. Then two unit ramps were arranged on a 1:20 ramp to form minimum step-by-step ramps to compare with a normal 1:20 ramp. Acceleration and travel distance of each trial by wheelchair users were measured to compare the evaluation of mobility on both ramps. It was ascertained that a step-by-step ramp is superior to a normal ramp in mobility and safety.5. Feasibility study on application of a step-by-step ramp to a curved rampA curved step-by-step ramp was suggested by transforming each rectangular landing to a trapezoid one. Application of step-by-step ramps on a curved ramp is expected to make it safer for wheelchair users without spoiling its beauty.