Comprehensive research on functions and effective management of museums

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Difficulties with discussing on museum management are mainly caused by the fact that activities and functions of museums are quite extensive. One suggestion from business administration was to use a concept of "governance". It turned out to be useful to discuss from these three points of vew : operation, management, and governance.Then, we dispatched the investigators to America, and conducted interviews with directors or deputy directors of more than 10 museums. As a result of gathering information as to governance, evaluation and relationship with boards and with communities, we found common characteristics in those museums in America : 1) they articulate their mission and make strategic plans clear, 2) they try to measure performances, or outcomes, throught visitor survey on regular basis, 3) they improve ways of operation and management by utilizing results of evaluation. In addition, the American association of museums and other organizations provide various programs supporting each museum's management.On the other hand, most museums in Japan don't have clear mission statements. As to performance measurement, only a few museums have just started to work. In order to enhance an effectiveness of museum management, it's essential to balance and make good collaboration among the three dimension : operation, management and governance. The first step for Japanese museums, is to promote studies on museum governance, and to create effective programs to encourage and support each museum's efforts.