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Study on Air-sea Interaction under High-tide and Construction of Meteorology-oceanography Coupled Model

涨潮时海气相互作用研究及气象海洋耦合模型构建

基本信息

批准号：
15201039
负责人：
UEDA Hiromasa
金额：
$ 27.04万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15201039/
关键词：
Free surface Turbulence Direct numerical simulation Thermal convection Coupled model Air-sea interaction Surge Ocean uptake 並列計算

项目摘要

・Mechanisms of air sea interaction and their parameterizationTurbulence structure and momentum, heat and mass transfer mechanisms near the air sea interface were investigated by the direct numerical simulation, DNS. In the low to moderate wave age regime (c/u^*<10,c : wave speed, u^* : friction velocity), cat-eye vortex is created around the critical level and it attenuates momentum exchange between air and sea. The wave development rate ss is well approximated by Miles'quasi-laminar model, i.e., for c/u^*<6,ss is almost constant (ss=15〜20) and then decreases to ss=0 in c/u^*=10〜15. In high wave age regime the critical level is located far above the wave, and the momentum exchange is determined by the turbulence and pressure field near the interface and results in the negative ss value. Sensible heat and mass (water vapor) transfer also shows the similar wave age dependence and has similarity with momentum transfer.In addition, from laboratory experiment and DNS thermal convection deve … More loping beneath the interface was simulated and heat and mass exchange was shown to be enhanced by 1.5〜2.0 times, compared with that above the horizontal heated solid wall.Based on these results of momentum, heat and water vapor exchange, the so-called bulk coefficient and roughness parameter on the air side and heat and mass exchange on the liquid side (e.g., ocean uptake of green house gases like CO_2) were parameterized and then those formulations were incorporated in the ‘community-based meteorology and oceanography model'.・Construction of community-based meteorology and oceanography modelA community-based meteorology and oceanography model was developed by coupling a meteorology model, ocean model and ocean wave model with the air-sea interaction module as the interface. It was applied to simulations of regional to local scale meteorological and oceanographical disasters.Applying it to the typhoon 9918 which caused a great injury due to high tide at Matsuai facing to the Yatsusiro Sea, high performance of the model was revealed by comparing it with the observed tide height in Yatsushiro and Hiroshima observatory sites, except for Matsuai. Taking into account the wave breakdown and its energy transfer caused by the shallow sea bed, the performance of the model was confirmed to be improved remarkably.This modified version of the model was applied to the following simulations ; 1)outlaying surge in winter by coupling MM5 meteorological model including bogus low pressure and WWIII ocean wave model, 2)wind and precipitation caused by the typhoon 9918, 3)influence of the Black Stream on surface wind and precipitation and 4)high tide in the Bengal Bay caused by the tropical cyclone in 1991.This numerical model system was graded up for high speed parallel processing on personal computer cluster machine and devoted for local governmental use in forecasting surge and high tide as the community-based meteorology and oceanography model. Less

·海气相互作用机制及其参数化利用直接数值模拟技术（DNS）研究了海气界面附近的湍流结构和动量、热量和质量的传递机制。在低到中等波龄区（c/u^*<10，c：波速，u^*：摩擦速度），猫眼涡在临界水平附近产生，它减弱了空气和海洋之间的动量交换。波浪发展速率ss可以用Miles准层流模型很好地近似，即，当c/u^*<6时，ss几乎不变（ss=15 <$20），然后在c/u^*=10 <$15时减小到ss=0。在高波龄区，临界水位远高于波浪，动量交换由界面附近的湍流和压力场决定，并导致负的ss值。显热、显质（水汽）输送也表现出类似的波龄依赖性，与动量输送具有相似性。 ...更多信息在此基础上，计算了空气侧的体积系数和粗糙度参数，以及液体侧的热质交换系数（例如，海洋吸收的绿色温室气体，如CO_2）进行了参数化，然后这些公式被纳入“基于社区的气象学和海洋学模型”。基于社区的气象和海洋学模型的构建以海气相互作用模块为接口，将气象模型、海洋模型和海浪模型耦合起来，建立了基于社区的气象和海洋学模型。将其应用于9918号台风在八代海对面的松爱造成严重损失的模拟中，通过与除松爱外的八代和广岛观测站的实测潮高比较，验证了模式的良好性能。考虑到浅水床引起的波浪破碎及其能量传递，模型的性能得到了显著的改善，并将改进后的模型应用于后续的数值模拟中; 1）利用MM 5气象模式（包括假低压）和第三次世界大战海浪模式耦合，模拟了9918号台风引起的风场和降水场，（3）黑潮对地面风场和降水的影响;（4）1991年热带气旋引起的孟加拉湾高潮位。该数值模式系统已升级为微机集群高速并行处理，并作为社区气象和海洋学模式，供地方政府用于预报涌浪和高潮位。少