Study on Micro-gap Flow Behavior of Electrorheological Fluid and Its Application to Haptic Display System

电流变液是一种功能性流体，当施加电场时，其在几毫秒内表现出显著且可逆的流变学变化。在本研究中，具有微型化的电流变机械元件，如制动器，阻尼器和阀门，由于他们的结构只使用电极的可能性，已经做了以下研究，以开发盲文显示系统利用电流变液作为触觉显示系统之一。(1)作为电流变流体微系统设计的基本流场，本文重点研究了压力流、旋转剪切流和振荡挤压流三种流动形态。对于两种微颗粒电流变液和一种纳米颗粒电流变液，通过流动显示，阐明了与每种电流变特性密切相关的、在上述三种微间隙流动结构中的微观流动行为，并确定了适合于微间隙流动的电流变液 ...更多信息 介绍了微间隙流动系统及其应用的优化设计思想。(2)采用光刻法制作了三端口电流变微阀和由两个电流变微阀组成的微驱动器。研究了电流变三通阀的流量控制特性和电流变膜片微驱动器在PID位置反馈控制下的膜片响应特性，探讨了电流变膜片微驱动器应用于盲文显示系统的可能性。(3)采用光刻法制作了一种具有波纹管结构的电流变微致动器，该致动器能够为盲文显示系统的一个引脚提供足够的行程和上推力，并对其致动性能进行了实验评价。结果发现，超过550千帕的电流变流体供应压力所需的开发的微致动器执行0.5毫米的行程和0.15 N的盲文针的推力。安装到致动器的微波纹管的顶部的盲文销通过将开-关控制策略应用于致动器的两个ER阀来驱动。少

ER fluids are one of an exciting family of functional fluids, which show dramatic and reversible rheological changes in several milliseconds when the electric field is applied. In this research, featuring the possibility of miniaturization of ER mechanical elements such as brake, damper and valve due to their construction using only electrodes, the following investigations have been done in order to develop Braille display system utilizing electrorheological fluids as one of haptic display systems.(1) As the fundamental flow fields in designing ER fluid micro system, three flow configurations of a pressure flow, a rotational shear flow and a oscillatory squeeze flow were focused on in this research. For two kinds of micro-particle ER fluids and one kind of nano-particle ER fluid, the micro flow behaviors in the above three flow configurations with an about 0.05-0.3mm micro gap was clarified by flow visualization in close relation to each ER characteristic, and the ER fluid suitable for … More the micro gap flow system and the optimal design concept for applications were shown.(2) The 3-ports micro ER valve, and the diaphragm micro-actuator consisting of two ER valves utilizing a micro-particle ER fluid were fabricated by the photolithography method. The flow rate control characteristics for the 3-ports micro ER valve and the diaphragm response characteristics of the micro-actuator under PID position feedback control were investigated, and the possibility for the ER diaphragm micro-actuator to apply to the Braille display system was evaluated.(3) An ER micro-actuator with a micro-bellows, which performed enough stroke and push-up force for one pin of the Braille display system, was fabricated by the photolithography method and the actuating performances were evaluated experimentally. It was found that ER fluid supply pressure of more than 550 kPa was needed for the developed micro actuator to perform a stroke of 0.5 mm and a push-up force of 0.15 N of the Braille pin. The Braille pin mounted to the top of the micro-bellows of the actuator was driven by applying an on-off control strategy to two ER valves of the actuator. Less