Basic Studies on Cultural and Social Significances of GofuAmulets

1我们的项目集中精力寻找材料的位置并收集它们。至于日本海外的歌赋护身符，我们确定了它们的位置，并调查了牛津的Pit River博物馆、巴黎的Guimet博物馆等收藏品。2博物馆和伯纳德·弗兰克收藏等机构在国外收藏的日本歌赋护身符大多来自佛教寺庙。但由神道神社保存下来的Gofu护身符几乎没有被调查过。因此，我们的项目进行了一份关于巫婆护身符的问卷调查。它是在全国范围内寄到神道教神社的，这些神社以前没有被调查过。在全国神道协会和所有县的神社所有协会的帮助下，问卷纸被发送到大约2000个有历史的神社。约有400家神社对问卷进行了回复。作为结果，例如，它揭示了他们的悟空和Goohoin护身符，这些护身符还没有被识别出他们的存在。所以我们对…进行评估更确切地说，它带来了重要的成果。3我们在三岛町、柴伽真寺、金泽富西寺等地进行了实地调查，证实有目前未使用的印版。虽然调查的结果在调查报告中有详细的报道，但我们已经建立了一种调查方法，如拓印和起草每一件物品的记录，这是一个值得特别提及的结果。4至于与Goohoin一起的kishoumons(与神的书面保证)，我们调查了中世纪和近代早期由熊本的Hosokais人和Maedas人保存的文件。在他们当中，我们发现了许多基肖蒙人。特别是，我们确认了日本封建领主和Reisha Jogan Kishoumon向诸侯国发出的Kishoumons(由近代早期强大神社的文件确认的与神的书面誓言)。在调查之前，我们调查了被忽视的文件，这是非常有意义的。此外，我们还发现了一只乌鸦，它似乎可以追溯到15世纪，是现存最早的乌鸦。5对中国中源于佛教和道教的女巫的考察，对于我们追查日本女巫的起源具有重要意义。我们试图在东风的文件中找到佛教徒戈弗斯。此外，我们已经得到了目前在台湾发行的Gofus。一名调查员继续在台湾学者的帮助下有系统地收集台湾高夫。6本项目完成后，我们继续建立收集到的材料数据库。上述调查和研究的细节将在Kokugakuin大学美狄亚学术中心开放时公布。较少

1 Our project concentrated our efforts on finding materials' locations and collecting them. As for Japanese gofu amulets abroad, we confirmed their locations and investigated the collections of them in the Pit River Museum, in Oxford, Musee Guimet in Paris and so on.2 Japanese gofu amulets abroad collected by museum and institutions like Bernard Frank Collection are mostly ones from Buddhist temples. But gofu amulets preserved by Shinto shrines have been scarcely surveyed. So our projects conducted a questionnaire on gofu amulets. It was addressed nationwide to Shinto shrines which had not been surveyed before. The questionnaire sheets were sent to about 2,000 shrines with a history by the help of National Association of Shinto Shrine and all Associations of Shinto Shrine in all the Prefectures. About 400 shrines submitted a reply to the questionnaire. As the results, for example, it revealed they have gofu and Goou-hoin amulets which have not been recognized their presence. So we appr … More eciate that it brought important outcomes.3 We conduced on-the-spot surveys at Mishimataisha, Shiogama Jinja, Fusimi temple at Kanazawa and so on which have confirmed to have printing blocks which are not used at present. Though the survey's results are reported in detail in the survey report, that we have established a method of investigation into gofu amulets such as rubbing and drawing up of a record of each item is a result worthy of special mention.4 As for kishoumons (written pledges with gods) with Goou-Hoin, we investigated documents written in Medieval and Early Modern Ages which are preserved by the Hosokawas in Kumamoto, the Maedas and so on. Among them we have found a great many kishoumons. Especially we confirmed kishoumons issued to vassals by Japanese feudal lords and Reisha Jogan Kishoumon (written pledges with gods affirmed by documents of powerful shrines in Early Modern Age. It is very significant that we investigated documents neglected before our survey. Further we found a Goou-Hoin printing a crow which seems to date to the 15th century and to be the earliest extant one.5 The investigation of gofus derived from Buddism and Taoism in China is important for us to trace Japanese gofus to their origin. We tried to find out Buddist gofus among the documents of Dong Feng. Further we have gotten gofus issued at present in Taiwan. And an investigator continues systematically to collect Taiwanese gofus by the help of a Taiwanese scholar.6 We continue to build a database of collected materials after this project is finished. The details of the surveys and studies mentioned above are to be made public when Academic Medea Center, Kokugakuin University is open. Less