Experimental research for technique of iron smelting and refining in Kofun period, Japan.

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In the research carried out in three fiscal years from 2003 to 2005, I clarified experimentally characteristics of technique on iron-making and blacksmithing in late stage of Kofun period.The result is as follows ;1.The bed of iron smelting furnace was not made of charcoal but clay in Chuugoku mountainous district. Product of the furnace is pig iron.2.In the north half region of Kyushu, iron smelting furnace, which is different from the furnace in Chuugoku mountainous district, is supposed to have been producted pig iron.3.Because products by these furnaces contained high carbon, it was needed to have been reduced carbon before smithing. Furnace for the refining already appered in the latter half of the fifth century.4.There is a big difference in structure of iron smelting furnace between in Chuugoku mountainous district and in a Korean peninsula. It is supposed that the former furnace was originated in the furnace for smithing (or refining) in Japan.Moreover, on the result of a prior investigation of iron smelting furnace and furnace for smithing (or refining) in South Korea, experiments of smelting and refining were conducted.The result is as follows ;5.Korean smelting furnace, differing in structure from one in Kofun period, can also product pdg iron.6.Furnace for refining, different from the furnace of Kofun period, can reduce carbon from pig iron.Through these points of view, I could clarify technique for smelting and refining iron in Kofun period in Japan and in Sam'an-Samguk period in Korean peninsula. Moreover, a technological difference of Japan-South Korea was able to be interpretable, and to have obtained an important finding for the technology exchange concerning iron.