Modernity in Periphery Interdisciplinary Studies on Modernization Process of Tsugaru area in Aomori, Northern Japan

本研究项目聚焦青森县津丸地区现代化进程的独特性。我们从宏观层面分析和区域研究两个方面对现代化进程进行考察。宏观层面分析：1-1。社区历史文献、文献记录、社区文件、城市地图分析——市崎市在江户时代已发展为一座城堡城镇。它的基本社会单位和产业结构一直维持到20世纪60年代的昭和时代。弘崎镇的空间和城市功能转型始于1965年前后，并在随后的几十年里迅速推进。这种转变过程与广崎城郊农村生活方式和生存结构的变化密切相关。青森县人口与产业统计分析：20世纪90年代以后，津加鲁地区的人口变化特征是“快老龄化”现象。造成这一现象的主要原因是：a)婴儿死亡率的变化；b)形成“外出工作”习惯的地方产业结构；c)依赖公共工程的就业情况。区域研究：2-1。津garu地区社区的定性研究(a)通过对津garu北部柏川村、神奈町和中町地区的广泛调查，描述了当地产业结构的变化过程。“Dekasegi”已经深深植根于当地的生存结构中。Dekasegi风俗促进了这一地区农业机械化的迅速发展。b)对木苏湾周边渔村生计活动的变化进行了研究。通过引进扇贝养殖，扇贝渔业已成为当地产业的核心部分。Dekasegi工人人口急剧减少。当地妇女加入了扇贝捕捞业。对25-34岁青壮年的婚姻家庭社会行为进行了定量研究。他们表现出与日本传统的stem家族（称为“Ie”）的强烈联系。b)“Dekasegi, off home”习俗与该地区的家庭生命周期以及家庭和社区内的世代密切相关。经历过清宫的人对清宫习俗的印象是比较正面的，而清宫的整体形象是负面的。少

This research project focused on the uniqueness of modernization processes in Tsugaru area, Aomori prefecture. We modernization processes examined from those two aspects, such as macro level analysis and area studies.1.Macro level analysis :1-1.Analysis of literature and document records on community history, community papers and city mapsHirosaki-city had been developed as a castle town in Edo-era. Its basic social unit and industrial structure were maintained until Showa era, 1960s. Spatial and urban functional transformation of Hirosaki township was brought about around 1965 and advanced rapidly within the following decades. This kind of transformation process was closely related to the changes of lifestyles and subsistence structures of rural areas around Hirosaki-city.1-2.Analysis of statistics on demography and industry in Aomori prefecture :What characterizes the demographic changing pattern of Tsugaru area is "fast-aging "phenomena after 1990s. This phenomena was brought about … More by those factors as follows : a) Change in infantile mortality rate, b) Local industrial structure that built in "Dekasegi, working away from home" custom, c) Employment situation that depends on public works.2.Area studies :2-1.Qualitative research on the communities of Tsugaru areaa) By an extensive survey around Kashiwa-mura, Kanagi-machi and Nakazato-machi of northern Tsugaru, changing process of local industrial structure was described. "Dekasegi" has been deeply built in the local subsistence structure. Dekasegi custom contributed to the rapid expansion of agricultural mechanization in this area.b) Researches on the change of subsistence activities in fishing villages around Mutsu Bay area were conducted. By the introduction of scallop cultivation, scallop fishery has become a central part of the local industry. Dekasegi workers population decreased sharply. Local women joined the scallop fishing industry.2-2.Quantitative research on family system and on "Dekasegi" migrant workersa) Quantitative research was made among young adults for 25-34 on social behavior of marriage and family. They showed strong affiliations with the Japanese traditional stem family, called "Ie.b)"Dekasegi, working away from home" custom is closely related to the family-lifecycle and the generation within the family and community in this area. Those who experienced Dekasegi have rather positive image on Dekasegi custom, while the general image of Dekasegi is negative. Less