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Embodiment of the Separation/Distinction Method for Polymer Waste Materials by Utilizing Melt-Sticking Phenomena

利用熔粘现象分离/区分高分子废料的方法的实施例

基本信息

批准号：
15360107
负责人：
SATOH Isao
金额：
$ 9.73万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In order to materialize the separation/distinction method for polymer waste materials by utilizing the melt-sticking phenomena, we proposed novel methods for separating the materials continuously from the crashed polymer wastes, i.e. the mixture of various kinds of polymers, and for distinguishing the polymer material that makes the plastic parts of waste industrial products collected from the market, and investigated the feasibilities of these method experimentally. At the same time, basic characteristics of the melt-sticking phenomena, which are the principle of these separation/distinction methods, between the heated solid and polymer materials were examined to clarify the relation between the heating temperature and the sticking/separation forces of the polymer materials. As the results, the following findings valuable for embodying these separation/distinction methods have been obtained.(1) As the test apparatus for continuous separation of the polymer materials from the crashed p … More olymer wastes, a system having plural pairs of a heating roller-heated at different temperatures and a pressing roller covered with a soft material such as rubber was fabricated, and its effectiveness was experimentally examined. The results showed that, in order to enhance the separation ability of this apparatus, the gap between the heating and pressing rollers should he carefully adjusted so as to fit the size of polymer particles passing through it, and that, under the optimized conditions, four kinds of polymer materials is successfully separated by using the system having three successive stages of the separation rollers. It was also shown that the separation ability of this apparatus is markedly enhanced by passing the polymer particles through a certain pair of the heating and pressing rollers several times.(2) A test apparatus for distinguishing the polymer material of an un-crashed part of waste industrial products was fabricated, and the feasibility of this system was experimentally investigated. In this apparatus, solid particles heated at different temperatures are pressed against the surface of the polymer part, and the material of the part can be distinguished by the sticking behavior of the solid particles. From the experimental results, it was shown that the sticking behavior of the heated particles is affected not only by the initial temperature of the particles and by the material of polymer parts, but also by the pressing duration of the particles against the polymer surface. This is because the particles' temperature gradually drops due to heat transfer between the particles and the polymer parts during pressing. From the results, relation between the particles' initial temperature and pressing duration required for making the sticking take place was formulated, and under the optimized conditions it was proved that four plastic parts made of different polymer materials is successfully distinguished by using this system.(3) From the basic investigation about the melt-sticking phenomena between heated solids and polymers, it was shown that the sticking force emerges steeply when the interface temperature exceeds the glass-transition temperature or the softening temperature of the polymer materials. However, separation force, i.e. the force required for separating the stuck polymer, decreases with increasing the polymer temperature over the glass-transition/softening temperature, because of the bulk deformation of polymer during the separation, and it consequently has a maximum when the interface temperature is at the glass-transition temperature or the softening temperature of the polymer materials. Less

为了实现利用熔体粘附现象的聚合物废料的分离/区分方法，我们提出了用于从粉碎的聚合物废料（即各种聚合物的混合物）中连续分离材料的新方法，以及用于区分制造从市场收集的废弃工业产品的塑料部件的聚合物材料的新方法，并对这些方法的特点进行了实验研究。同时，熔融粘附现象的基本特征，这是这些分离/区分方法的原理，在加热的固体和聚合物材料之间进行了检查，以澄清加热温度和聚合物材料的粘附/分离力之间的关系。作为结果，已经获得了以下对体现这些分离/区分方法有价值的发现。(1)作为高分子材料从破碎物料中连续分离的试验装置， ...更多信息聚合物废料，制造了一种系统，该系统具有多对在不同温度下加热的加热辊和覆盖有诸如橡胶的软材料的压辊，并通过实验检验了其有效性。结果表明，为提高该装置的分离能力，应仔细调整加热辊和加压辊之间的差距，使其与通过该装置的聚合物颗粒尺寸相适应;在优化条件下，采用三级连续分离辊系统，成功地分离了4种聚合物材料。还表明，通过使聚合物颗粒多次通过某一对加热和加压辊，该装置的分离能力显著增强。(2)研制了一种用于识别废旧工业产品未破碎部分中高分子材料的测试装置，并对该系统的可行性进行了实验研究。在该装置中，在不同温度下加热的固体颗粒被压靠在聚合物部件的表面上，并且可以通过固体颗粒的粘附行为来区分部件的材料。从实验结果中，它表明，粘附行为的加热颗粒的影响，不仅由颗粒的初始温度和聚合物部件的材料，但也通过对聚合物表面的颗粒的按压持续时间。这是因为颗粒的温度由于在压制期间颗粒与聚合物部件之间的热传递而逐渐下降。根据实验结果，建立了颗粒初始温度与发生粘附所需的加压时间之间的关系，并在优化条件下成功地区分了4种不同聚合物材料的塑料件。(3)对固体与聚合物之间的熔体粘附现象进行了初步研究，发现当界面温度超过聚合物材料的玻璃化转变温度或软化温度时，粘附力急剧增加。然而，分离力，即分离粘附的聚合物所需的力，随着聚合物温度升高超过玻璃化转变/软化温度而降低，这是因为在分离期间聚合物的体积变形，因此当界面温度处于聚合物材料的玻璃化转变温度或软化温度时，分离力具有最大值。少