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Development of Supercritical CO_2 assisted polymer-processing techniques

超临界CO_2辅助聚合物加工技术的发展

基本信息

批准号：
15360420
负责人：
OHSHIMA Masahiro
金额：
$ 9.92万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The application of CO_2 for processing the polymeric materials has been dramatically increased and CO_2 is being recognized as an efficient alternative to volatile organic solvents due to its environmentally benign characteristics as well as its advantageous properties of processing polymer. CO_2 can provide plasticization effect on polymer during the processing and ensure that the processed material does not contain any trace of solvent residue after processing.In this three-year project, the following three major progresses could be achieved.1)Utilizing the plasticization effect of CO_2 on polymer, dye, low molecular chemicals, such as PEG and carbon nanotube (CNT) were infused into the surface of thermoplastic polymers. Furthermore, the new CO_2 assisted surface modification injection molding scheme was proposed.2)When the CO_2/polymer system is depressurized, scCO_2 diffuses out from the polymer while solute remains due to the difference of diffusivity in the polymer. The degree of … More solute infusion is dependent on the solubility of the solute in the scCO_2 and the affinity of the solute for the polymer matrix. To change the solubility of solute in the scCo_2, co-solvents such as alcohol and acetone are often used. In this study, the diffusivity and solubility of CO_2 and alcohol (propanol and/or ethanol) in molten low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was studied using near infrared spectroscopy and magnetic suspension balance.3)Utilizing the plasticization effect of CO_2, a CO_2 assisted nano-imprinting and embossing scheme was developed. The surface of polymer product was plasticized by dissolving CO_2 in a high pressure mold stamping machine and the nanometer-scale fine pattern on the mold stamper was transferred to the plasticized surface without heating up the product. The thickness of the plasticized layer could be controlled in nanometer thickness by pressure level of CO_2 and CO_2 absorption time. The pattern transfer could be performed at room temperature without deforming the overall shape of the product. Less

CO_2在聚合物材料加工中的应用急剧增加，CO_2因其对环境友好的特性以及加工聚合物的优越性能而被认为是挥发性有机溶剂的有效替代品。CO_2可以在加工过程中对聚合物起到增塑作用，并保证加工后的材料不含任何溶剂残留，本项目在三年的时间里主要取得了以下三个方面的进展：1）利用CO_2对聚合物的增塑作用，将染料、低分子化学品如PEG和碳纳米管（CNT）等注入到热塑性聚合物的表面。2）当CO_2/聚合物体系减压时，由于CO_2在聚合物中的扩散系数不同，scCO_2从聚合物中扩散出来，而溶质留在聚合物中。程度 ...更多信息溶质注入取决于溶质在scCO_2中的溶解度和溶质对聚合物基质的亲和力。为了改变溶质在超临界CO_2中的溶解度，常使用乙醇、丙酮等共溶剂。本文采用近红外光谱和磁悬浮天平研究了CO_2和醇（丙醇和/或乙醇）在熔融低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）中的扩散和溶解度。3）利用CO_2的增塑作用，提出了一种CO_2辅助纳米压印和压印的方案。在高压模压机中，通过溶解CO_2对聚合物制品表面进行塑化，在不加热制品的情况下，将模压模上的纳米级精细图案转移到塑化表面。塑化层的厚度可以通过CO_2压力水平和CO_2吸收时间控制在纳米级。图案转移可以在室温下进行，而不会使产品的整体形状变形。少