权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Reevaluation of reproductive strategies and mating system of insect-pollinated plants from the viewpoint of pollen dispersal patterns

从花粉传播模式重新评价昆虫授粉植物的繁殖策略和交配系统

基本信息

批准号：
15370006
负责人：
KUDO Gaku
金额：
$ 6.66万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

To test the hypothesis that diverse floral structures and flowering patterns of animal-pollinated plants may have developed to enhance the reproductive success through male function, i.e. pollination process, we investigated the relationships between floral traits and pollinator mediated pollen flow, and the relationships between pollination efficiency and breeding system of insect-pollinated plants. The pollination experiment using artificial inflorescences under controlled conditions revealed that nectar distribution within inflorescences, inflorescence structure, and floral (and inflorescence) densities effectively influence the pollinator behavior, resulting in pollination efficiency of plants. Observation and manipulations of the pollination situation and breeding systems of various insect-pollinated species under natural conditions revealed that (1) floral color change can be a pollination strategy to reduce the geitonogamous pollination by controlling the number of successive flower visits within plants, (2) floral sex allocation of hermaphrodite flowers varies among flowers within inflorescences differently between populations depending on the type of pollinators having different pollination efficiencies, (3) variations in flowering phenology sometimes cause different pollination efficiency and genetic diversity of progenies due to the seasonal variations in pollinator activity, (4) bee-pollinated species may have higher spatiotemporal fluctuations in seed-set success than fly-pollinated species, because bees usually more susceptible to the climatic conditions than flies, and (5) clonal growth may decrease the outcrossing seed production due to acceleration of geitonogamous pollination among ramets within same genet, indicating a trade-off between clonal growth and sexual reproduction. These results indicate the importance of pollination process for reproductive success and population growth of insect-pollinated plants.

为了验证动物传粉植物不同的花结构和开花方式可能通过雄性功能，即授粉过程而提高生殖成功的假说，我们研究了花性状与传粉者介导的花粉流的关系，以及传粉效率与昆虫传粉植物繁育系统的关系。人工花序控制授粉试验表明，花蜜在花序内的分布、花序结构以及花(和花序)密度有效地影响传粉者的行为，从而提高植物的授粉效率。在自然条件下对不同昆虫传粉物种的授粉状况和繁殖系统的观察和控制表明：(1)花色变化可以作为一种授粉策略，通过控制植物内连续访花的次数来减少异花授粉；(2)两性花在花序内的花中的花性别分配因授粉效率不同的传粉者类型而有所不同；(3)由于传粉者活动的季节性变化，开花物候的变化有时会导致传粉效率和后代的遗传多样性不同；(4)蜜蜂授粉的物种在结实成功率上可能比苍蝇授粉的物种具有更高的空间波动性因为蜜蜂通常比苍蝇更容易受到气候条件的影响，以及(5)克隆生长可能会由于同一基因内分株间的异花授粉加速而减少异交种子产量，这表明克隆生长和有性繁殖之间存在权衡。这些结果表明，授粉过程对昆虫传粉植物的繁殖成功和种群增长具有重要意义。