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Reevaluation of reproductive strategies and mating system of insect-pollinated plants from the viewpoint of pollen dispersal patterns

从花粉传播模式重新评价昆虫授粉植物的繁殖策略和交配系统

基本信息

批准号：
15370006
负责人：
KUDO Gaku
金额：
$ 6.66万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

To test the hypothesis that diverse floral structures and flowering patterns of animal-pollinated plants may have developed to enhance the reproductive success through male function, i.e. pollination process, we investigated the relationships between floral traits and pollinator mediated pollen flow, and the relationships between pollination efficiency and breeding system of insect-pollinated plants. The pollination experiment using artificial inflorescences under controlled conditions revealed that nectar distribution within inflorescences, inflorescence structure, and floral (and inflorescence) densities effectively influence the pollinator behavior, resulting in pollination efficiency of plants. Observation and manipulations of the pollination situation and breeding systems of various insect-pollinated species under natural conditions revealed that (1) floral color change can be a pollination strategy to reduce the geitonogamous pollination by controlling the number of successive flower visits within plants, (2) floral sex allocation of hermaphrodite flowers varies among flowers within inflorescences differently between populations depending on the type of pollinators having different pollination efficiencies, (3) variations in flowering phenology sometimes cause different pollination efficiency and genetic diversity of progenies due to the seasonal variations in pollinator activity, (4) bee-pollinated species may have higher spatiotemporal fluctuations in seed-set success than fly-pollinated species, because bees usually more susceptible to the climatic conditions than flies, and (5) clonal growth may decrease the outcrossing seed production due to acceleration of geitonogamous pollination among ramets within same genet, indicating a trade-off between clonal growth and sexual reproduction. These results indicate the importance of pollination process for reproductive success and population growth of insect-pollinated plants.

为了验证动物传粉植物通过雄性功能（即授粉过程）发展出不同的花结构和开花模式以提高繁殖成功率的假设，我们研究了昆虫传粉植物的花性状与传粉媒介的花粉流之间的关系，以及授粉效率与育种系统之间的关系。受控条件下的人工花序授粉实验表明，花蜜在花序内的分布、花序结构和花（和花序）密度有效地影响传粉者的行为，从而影响植物的授粉效率。对自然条件下各种昆虫传粉物种的传粉情况和繁殖系统进行了观察和操作，结果表明：(1)改变花的颜色可以通过控制植物内花的连续访花次数来减少雌雄同体传粉；(2)雌雄同体花的花性分配在花序内不同的花间存在差异，这取决于传粉者的类型和传粉效率的不同；(3)开花物候的变化有时会由于传粉者活动的季节性变化而导致传粉效率和后代遗传多样性的不同。(4)与蝇类相比，蜂类更容易受到气候条件的影响，因此其结实率的时空波动可能更大；(5)无性系生长可能会减少异交结实率，这是由于同一基因内的分株间异体交配授粉的加速，表明无性系生长与有性繁殖之间存在权衡关系。这些结果表明授粉过程对昆虫传粉植物的繁殖成功和种群增长具有重要意义。