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Studies about Bacteria Quantification using Molecular Biological Method and Mechanism of Biogas Production.

利用分子生物学方法进行细菌定量和沼气生产机理的研究。

基本信息

批准号：
15380188
负责人：
TAKENAKA Akio
金额：
$ 9.28万
依托单位：
National Agricultural and Bio-oriented Research Organization
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The concentrations of methane and hydrogen gas were measured using a semiconductor gas monitor system (mBA-3000) provided for medical use. There was no correlation between the methane and hydrogen concentrations, or between methane and nitrous oxide concentrations. There was a week positive correlation between the methane and ammonia concentrations. We invented a methane and hydrogen gas monitor (mBA-5000) for the expired breath of ruminant animals using semiconductor gas sensor. This monitor can detect the concentration of methane (1 to 1000 ppm) and hydrogen (1 to 100 ppm) every 10 seconds for 20 hours, and the stored data can convert to a personal computer via serial port. The mBA-5000 was placed in the metabolic chamber in which a Holstein cow was feeding. The concentrations of methane gas were increased after feeding and peaked at around 1 hour after feeding, and were keeping 600 to 1000 ppm all day long. The hydrogen gas production was observed from 5 to 15 minutes after feeding, and peaked at 30 minutes after feeding. The hydrogen production returned to 0 ppm until 150 minutes after feeding, and had been keeping 0 ppm until the next feeding. This observation reads to a speculation that the hydrogen gas production after feeding might be the overflow of hydrogen or proton produced by the rumen fermentation. The capacity of methane producing rate should be different between the animals, and actually the peak levels of hydrogen gas were varied from 20 to 90 ppm depending on the cattle used in this experiment. PCR detection and quantification of methanogen was provided using the primers constructed from the sequences of 16S ribosomal RNA gene and methyl coenzyme M reductase gene. The results of PCR analysis indicated that the methanogens of the faunated rumen differed significantly from those of the unfaunated rumen.

使用医疗用半导体气体监测系统（mBA-3000）测定甲烷和氢气的浓度。甲烷和氢气浓度之间，或甲烷和一氧化二氮浓度之间没有相关性。甲烷浓度与氨氮浓度之间存在一周的正相关关系。本研究采用半导体气体传感器研制了一种反刍动物呼出气甲烷、氢气监测仪（mBA-5000）。该监测仪可以每10秒检测一次甲烷（1 - 1000 ppm）和氢气（1 - 100 ppm）的浓度，持续20小时，存储的数据可以通过串口转换到个人计算机上。将mBA-5000置于荷斯坦奶牛正在进食的代谢室中。甲烷气体浓度在喂食后增加，并在喂食后约1小时达到峰值，全天保持在600至1000 ppm。饲喂后5至15分钟观察到氢气产生，并在饲喂后30分钟达到峰值。直到进料后150分钟，氢气产量恢复到0 ppm，并且一直保持0 ppm直到下一次进料。这一观察结果表明，饲喂后产生的氢气可能是瘤胃发酵产生的氢气或质子的溢出。动物之间的甲烷产生率的能力应该是不同的，实际上氢气的峰值水平在20至90 ppm之间变化，这取决于本实验中使用的牛。根据16 S核糖体RNA基因和甲基辅酶M还原酶基因序列设计引物，对产甲烷菌进行PCR检测和定量。PCR分析结果表明，动物区系瘤胃的产甲烷菌与非动物区系瘤胃的产甲烷菌存在显著差异。