Studies on genetic structure of the beech forest and its conservation in the World Natural Heritage at Shirakami-sanchi

白神山内的大片山毛榉林保存完好，该地区的中部（1，697公顷）自1993年以来已被指定为世界自然遗产。为了深入了解这些森林在未来全球和当地气候变化可能出现时的情况，必须深入研究山毛榉林的遗传结构以及单株树木科普环境变化的遗传能力。该项目的成果概括为以下三点：1.已经开发了不同类型的DNA标记，例如通过MYB家族的分子分析的SSR标记和IGS区域的片段拷贝，允许检测个体遗传组分的差异。为了开发一些母系遗传的DNA标记，我们克隆了山毛榉叶绿体和线粒体DNA并进行了序列测定.我们建立了一个在该地区的库存研究图， 关于我们 约1.65公顷。高仓森，这是局部的缓冲区的世界遗产，并分析了所有成年树木和树苗的遗传标记，以调查遗传多样性的森林，以及亲子关系的树苗。我们还调查了世界遗产中心地区的山毛榉林，在山。以鹿儿岛县高久间和茨木县小川地区为研究对象，了解这些森林的遗传距离，并对它们的遗传多样性进行比较分析.为了分析山毛榉单株的遗传能力，我们调查了山毛榉空果的原因，发现有强烈的异花授粉要求，自交不亲和性可能是造成这种情况的原因。此外，为了确定一些基因负责环境适应和调查这些基因的遗传多样性，我们分析了山毛榉MYB基因家族，并确定，到目前为止，85个独立的基因。在这些基因中，我们发现了一些基因对各种环境胁迫，如寒冷，高温，干旱，也有一些基因的表达波动很大，取决于季节。少

Beech forest is well conserved in a vast area of Shirakami-sanchi and the central part (1, 697 ha) of this area has been designated as the World Natural Heritage since 1993. In order to gain insights into how these forests would fare in the future when the global and the local climate changes might come forward, it is important to investigate intensively the genetic structure of the beech forest as well as the genetic capacity of the individual trees to cope with environmental changes. The achievements of this program have been summarized into the following 3 items.1. Different types of DNA markers, such as SSR markers through molecular analysis of MYB family and the fragmented copies of IGS region, allowing detection of differences in individual genetic components, have been developed. In an attempt to develop some maternally inherited DNA markers, the beech chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA has been cloned and sequenced.2. We established a plot for the inventory study in the area of … More about 1.65 ha at Mt. Takakuramori, which is localized in the buffering area of the World Heritage, and analyzed the genetic markers of all the adult trees and saplings to investigate the genetic diversity of the forest as well as parentage of the saplings. We have also investigated the beech forest at the central area of the World Heritage, at Mt. Takakuma Kagoshima prefecture, and at Ogawa site Ibaraki prefecture, to find out the genetic distances of these forests and to carry out the comparative analysis of their genetic diversities.3. In order to analyze the genetic capacity of individual beech trees, we investigated the cause for the beechnuts ending up empty, and found that there is a strong requirement for cross-pollination and self-incompatibility may be responsible for this. Furthermore, in order to identify some genes responsible for environmental adaptation and to investigate the genetic diversity of these genes, we analyzed the beech MYB gene family and identified, so far, 85 independent genes. Among these genes, we found out some genes responsive to various environmental stresses, such as, cold, high temperature, drought and also some genes whose expression fluctuates extensively depending on the seasons. Less