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International Comparative Study on Dilemmatic Structure and Harmonizing Policies of the Food Recycling and the Food Safety

食品回收与食品安全困境结构与协调政策的国际比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
15402051
负责人：
AWAJI Kazunori
金额：
$ 4.48万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The food waste recycling had been improved by the introduction of the Recycling Law in Germany as a pioneer country of recycling. Through the research it was observed that the formation of the institutional framework for recycling had promoted utilization of biomass resources and the recycling business of food waste into feed had been well growing.This study made it clear that after the BSE crisis and the foot-and-mouth disease problem the flow of food waste and animal byproducts had dynamically changed. Animal byproducts were very strictly controlled for the food safety and the utilization meat-bone-meal to feed was prohibited by the EU-directive and they had to be incinerated. It was also prohibited to feed swill and other food wastes containing animal protein on livestock. But the possibility to utilize these food wastes as an energy source was soon found and now the wastes go to mainly biogas plants as fermentation stuff. To promote renewable energy the number of biogas plant has been rapidly increasing and the demand for efficient fermentation stuff had greatly expanded.In this study this change was interpreted using the concept of cascade of biomass utilization and biomass refinery.This change of biomass utilization can be recognized as the result of harmonizing the promoting recycling with the demand for the food safety. The EU has formed the category model of animal byproduct utilization. In this model animal byproducts and food waste including animal protein were categorized by risk evaluation and risk analysis and the allowed recycling way was determined according to these categories. Moreover the energy policy to promote renewable energy can open a new gate for the food waste recycling. By this policy the economic value of food wastes has not much decreased even if the recycling went to the lower stage of biomass utilization.

德国是餐厨垃圾回收利用的先行国，其《餐厨垃圾回收利用法》的出台使餐厨垃圾的回收利用得到了很大的改善。通过研究发现，回收利用制度框架的形成促进了生物质资源的利用，餐厨废弃物回收利用业务发展良好，表明疯牛病危机和口蹄疫爆发后，餐厨废弃物和动物副产品的流向发生了动态变化。动物副产品的食品安全控制非常严格，欧盟指令禁止将肉骨粉用于饲料，必须焚烧。还禁止用含有动物蛋白的泔水和其他食物废物喂牲畜。但是很快就发现了利用这些食物垃圾作为能源的可能性，现在这些垃圾主要作为发酵原料进入沼气厂。为了促进可再生能源的发展，沼气厂的数量迅速增加，对高效发酵原料的需求也大大增加，本研究用生物质梯级利用和生物质精炼的概念解释了这一变化，认为这种生物质利用的变化是促进循环利用与食品安全需求相协调的结果。欧盟已经形成了畜产品利用的分类模式。在该模型中，通过风险评价和风险分析，对动物副产品和包括动物蛋白在内的餐厨垃圾进行分类，并根据分类结果确定允许的回收方式。此外，推广可再生能源的能源政策可以为餐厨垃圾的回收利用打开新的大门。通过这一政策，即使再循环进入生物质利用的较低阶段，餐厨垃圾的经济价值也没有多大下降。