Evaluation of the effects of global lightining activity on the middle/upper atmosphere and atmosphere and the ionosphere/magnetosphere

在本研究中，我们在国际合作下对中高层大气中闪电诱发的瞬态发光事件（TLEs）（包括精灵和精灵）进行了光学和无线电波观测，以阐明TLEs的产生机制，并从电磁和化学角度了解其全球效应。斯堪的纳维亚的传感器安装和稳定观测我们在15 FSY访问了瑞典基律纳的ESRANGE天文台，并进行了CCD相机的维护，ELF和VLF接收机的安装。在16和17 FSY，我们再次访问了那里，并进行了维护和调整。至今已成功进行了连续数据采集。2.全球ELF网络的扩展和稳定运行除了南极洲昭和日本女川的ELF系统外，我们还在基律纳（FSY 15）和美国加州的圣克鲁斯（FSY 17）安装了另外两个系统。由4个站点组成的系统是非常独特的，也是最有用的闪电探测网络，用于估计闪电的充电时刻。FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL对TLE的光学测量和数据分析台湾卫星FORMOSAT-2于5月20日成功发射，FSY 16。FORMOSAT-2号载有3个sprites/lightning光学设备，自观测开始以来，其健康状况良好。分析首次给出了TLE（sprites，elves）和TLE中绝对电子能量的首次全局分布.基于计算机模拟的TLEs和闪电化学效应估算我们进行了计算机模拟，以研究物理机制和估算对环境大气的化学效应。此外，我们还访问了德国的不莱梅大学，并讨论了卫星和ELF网络数据的化学测量比较。

In this research we have carried out optical and radio wave observations of lightning- induced TLEs (transient luminous events) in the middle and upper atmosphere, including sprites and elves, under international collaboration in order to clarify the generation mechanisms of TLEs and to understand their global effects both in electromagnetic and chemical point of view.1. Sensor installation and steady observation in ScandinaviaWe visited ESRANGE observatory in Kiruna, Sweden in 15 FSY and carried out maintenance/ of CCD camera, installation of ELF and VLF receivers. In 16 and 17 FSY, we visited there again and carried out the maintenance and adjustments. The continuous data acquisition have been carried out up to now successfuly.2. Extension and steady operation of world wide ELF networkIn addition to the ELF systems both at Syowa, Antarctica and Onagawa, Japan, we installed 2 more systems at Kiruna (FSY 15) and at Santa Cruz, California, USA (FSY 17). The system consisting of 4 stations is quite unique and the most useful network for lightning detection in estimating charge moment of lightning.3. Optical measurements of TLEs by FORMOSAT-2/ISUAL and data analysisTaiwanese satellite FORMOSAT-2 was launched successfully on 20 May, FSY of 16. FORMOSAT-2 carries 3 sprites/lightning optical equipments and its health is in good condition since the start of observation. The analysis shows the first global distribution of TLEs (sprites, elves) and absolute electron energy in TLE for the first time.4. Estimation of chemical effects of TLEs and lightning based on computer simulationWe carried out the computer simulations to examine the physical mechanisms and to estimate the chemical effects on the ambient atmosphere. In addition, we visited University of Bremen, Germany and discussed about comparison between the chemical measurement with satellite and ELF network data.