魏晋南朝における遷官制度

魏晋南朝的官转制

• 批准号: 15720161
• 负责人: 藤井 律之
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: Kyoto University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15720161/
• 关键词: 侍中; 内号将軍; 兼任・帯貼; 侍中領衛; 西省; 南朝; 清濁; 散騎常侍; 魏晋; 散官; 一品官; 貂蝉; 行幸; 尚書; 詔敕

今年度は、前二年度におけるデータをもとに論文を作成したので、その要旨を以て概要に代える。魏晋南北朝時代、とくに東晋から南朝では、官職の清濁が選挙の基準であり、官品が官人の地位を表象しなかった。そのため、官職の兼任によって、官僚の地位を昇進させる場合があった。官職の兼任は、従来注目されてこなかったが、侍中領衛(侍中が左右衛将軍を兼任すること)に代表される、侍中と内号将軍(西省ともよばれる)の兼任は、兼任によって地位が異動することを示す典型的な事例である。侍中は、尚書令へと続く最上級官僚の昇進経路のスタートにあたり、南朝では、侍中→列曹尚書→吏部尚書、中領軍・中護軍→尚書僕射、領軍・護軍将軍→尚書令という昇進経路が確立していた。それと並行して、侍中→侍中領五校尉→侍中領前軍・後軍・左軍・右軍将軍→侍中領驍騎・游撃将軍→侍中領左右衛将軍(→尚書令)という序列が形成されていた。これらのうち、侍中と驍騎・游撃将軍以下の内号将軍の兼任は、疾病による任命が多いことから、職掌は期待されておらず、官人の地位の上下を示すだけであった。それは、宋中期以後、驍騎・游撃将軍の定員が無くなり、必ずしも実兵力を統括しなくなったこと、また、侍中も才能ではなく、家柄や外見を基準に選ばれるようになっていたからである。侍中による序列が形成された理由は以下のように考えられる。1:東晋末から宋初に、侍中と左右衛将軍を兼任した人物が政局を左右し、そのため侍中領衛が高く評価されるポストとなった。2:侍中が昇進先にあたる列曹尚書よりも清とみなされ、当時の官人は昇進経路を逆行してでも侍中に任ぜられることを望んだため、侍中と他の官職を兼任させることによって官人の地位を昇進させることが行われ、侍中領衛へとつづく、侍中と内号将軍の序列が形成された。3:散騎常侍が濫発された当時において、代替として内号将軍を兼任することが当局に歓迎された。

In the first two years of this year and the previous two years, this year and the previous two years, the text was written in the first two years, and the outline was replaced by a summary. During the period of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, the election of the basic standards of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, the Qing Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, and the appearance of official status. The position of the bureaucrat and the bureaucrat, the position of the bureaucrat, and the position of the bureaucrat. The officers and staff members served concurrently and paid attention to the typical examples of the representatives of the military personnel in the middle of the service (the left and right sides of the waiter) and the generals (in the province) who served at the same time and served at the same time, as well as the typical examples of demonstrating their status and status. In the middle of the army, they ordered the highest-level bureaucrats to enter the army, the highest-level bureaucrats, the officers of the Southern Dynasty, the officials of Cao Shangyi, the army of the central army, and the army of the middle army. the army commanded the army to make sure that the road was established. In the middle of the army, the left army and the right army of the former army, the left army, the right army, the left army, the right army, the rear army, the left army and the right army. The rank and file of the staff, the waiter, the waiter, the waiter and the waiter. After the middle of the Song Dynasty and after the middle of the Song Dynasty, military personnel were not required to participate in the war, and they were required to make sure that their troops were free of charge, and that only the waiters, waiters, and outsiders were able to do so. The waiter's sequence forms the following reasons for the following reasons. 1: at the end of the Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the waiter left and right served as the army and served as the leader of the political situation. 2: in the middle of the waiter, the clerk asked Cao Shangli to clear the phone, and at that time, the officer entered the road, and the officer in the waiter served as the attendant, the officer in the waiter, and the officer in the waiter. The position of the officer in the waiter improved the status of the officer, the clerk in the waiter, and the code in the waiter formed the sequence of troops. 3: the general attendants will be in charge of the war at the same time, and the military will also serve as a member of the armed forces in place of the internal horn of the army.