Elucidation on the Origin of First Generation Objects by HMCS-E (Heterogeneous MultiComputer System-Embedded)

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The formation of first generation objects in the universe is an fundamental issue to clarify the cosmic evolution, the galaxy formation, and the generation of heavy elements. The objective of the project is to elucidate the origin of first generation objects in the universe by performing ultra-high resolution simulations. For the purpose, the special purpose board for gravity calculations "Blade-GRAPE" has been newly developed, and Cosmo Simulator "FIRST", which is a PC cluster system with embedded Blade-GRAPE in each node, has been completed. This is the collaboration between experts on astrophysical simulations and those on computer technology. FIRST is composed of 256 nodes and 496CPUs, and possesses two file servers. The peak performance of FIRST is 33TFLOPS in total, where the host system is 3.1 TFLOPS and the part of Blade-GRAPEs is 33TFLOPS. Also, Gfarm file system, which is a scalable virtual file system federating local file systems of cluster nodes, is providing a 22TB file s … More ystem. The development of such a hybrid computer system is quite unique in the world.Large-scale simulations have been performed with FIRST, and a variety of results are obtained as follows : (1) discovery of the dependence on dark matter cusps of the formation of first generation objects, (2) derivation of the criteria for radiative feedback by first stars by radiation hydrodynamic simulations, (3) proposal of a new picture of globular cluster formation by radiation hydrodynamic and N-body simulations on the formation of star clusters in ultraviolet background radiation. (4) derivation of the escape probability of ionizing photons from primeval galaxies, (5) effects of non-equilibrium atomic processes on the collision of galaxy clusters, (6) proposal of a new picture of 'Andromeda tears' through the collision with a satellite galaxy. In particular, the result (1) has been obtained by raising the mass resolution by more than two order of magnitude compared to previous simulations. This gives a novel picture of first generation objects. Less