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GalaHAD: Galaxy Formation With High Accuracy Dynamics

GalaHAD：高精度动力学的星系形成

基本信息

批准号：
ST/W003643/1
负责人：
Robert Grand
金额：
$ 73.34万
依托单位：
Liverpool John Moores University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2023 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FW003643%2F1
关键词：
GalaHAD Galaxy Formation Accuracy Dynamics

项目摘要

Large star-forming disc galaxies like the Milky Way are some of the most striking and beautiful objects in the Universe, often characterised by their breathtaking spiral arms. Understanding how these fascinating systems arranged themselves into their present state is one of the central aims of modern astrophysics. In my proposed research I will create and analyse simulations with unprecedented resolution within the larger cosmological environment in order to understand how the formation of our Galaxy unfolded.Our home, the Milky Way galaxy, contains about 100 billion stars. The majority of these stars are in the middle of a large "halo" of dark matter, the crucibles in which galaxies are forged. These haloes are connected to the large-scale filamentary structure of the Universe, dubbed the Cosmic Web, from which haloes acquire gas and smaller galaxies known as satellites. Galaxies grow by accreting this material from their haloes over more than 13 billion years, transforming gas into stars which then move around in response to many complex, highly dynamical processes like gas accretion, mergers and spiral arms. We cannot observe this evolution directly, but astronomers are now able to measure the locations, chemical composition, motions, and ages for a large number of stars to a high degree of accuracy. This "fossil record" information provides vital clues to the birth conditions of stars, which can be very different depending on their origin and age, and how they evolved over Cosmic time. By mapping out this information for many stars, astronomers can piece together how galaxies like the Milky Way formed like a cosmic jigsaw.The complexity of this great challenge demands sophisticated theoretical models to interpret these observations - the final snapshot in our Cosmic story. However, it is now an enormous challenge for simulations to model both the larger cosmological environment and the central spiral galaxy at the high level of detail necessary to resolve the intricate Galactic structure and its stellar populations that telescopes are now seeing. To get around this roadblock, I will employ new modelling techniques to dramatically enhance the resolution of the stellar and dark matter components of the galaxy to unprecedented levels. These simulations will resolve detailed, highly dynamical structures that were previously inaccessible, and will allow us to follow the many complex physical processes that have occurred since the Big Bang in more detail than ever before. In particular, we will learn how our beautiful spiral arms formed, how they shuffled stars around our Galaxy over Cosmic time, and how epic galaxy collisions that occurred in the ancient Milky Way shaped how it looks today. Additionally, these simulations will open a new window into the formation of very small, low-mass galaxies that lurk in the surroundings of the Milky Way, pushing our current knowledge to new horizons.Observations require these simulations for their interpretation. Because we currently live in a golden era of large observational surveys which will provide increasing amounts of information, it is essential to carry out this project now in order to maximise our return from these observations. By making mock observations from my simulations, we can compare the simulations directly to observations to provide a holistic view of how the Milky Way formed. We will also learn how the motions of stars can inform us about the nature of the dark matter particle. Answers to these profound questions will greatly benefit mankind's curiosity of the Universe and its mysteries, and inspire future generations of scientists within society. These simulations will be made publicly available and will become a valuable resource for other astronomers, and produce the most detailed images and movies currently available of the origin and formation of our cosmic home.

像银河系这样的大型恒星形成盘星系是宇宙中最引人注目、最美丽的天体之一，通常以其令人惊叹的旋臂为特征。了解这些令人着迷的系统如何将自己安排到目前的状态是现代天体物理学的中心目标之一。在我提出的研究中，我将在更大的宇宙环境中以前所未有的分辨率创建和分析模拟，以了解我们的银河系是如何形成的。我们的家，银河系，包含大约 1000 亿颗恒星。这些恒星中的大多数都位于一个巨大的暗物质“光环”的中间，暗物质是形成星系的坩埚。这些光晕与宇宙的大规模丝状结构相连，被称为宇宙网，光晕从中获取气体和称为卫星的较小星系。星系在超过 130 亿年的时间里，通过从晕轮中吸积这种物质而成长，将气体转化为恒星，然后恒星根据许多复杂、高度动态的过程（如气体吸积、合并和旋臂）而四处移动。我们无法直接观察这种演化，但天文学家现在能够高精度地测量大量恒星的位置、化学成分、运动和年龄。这种“化石记录”信息为恒星的诞生条件提供了重要线索，恒星的诞生条件可能会因恒星的起源和年龄以及它们在宇宙时间内的演化而有很大不同。通过绘制许多恒星的这些信息，天文学家可以像宇宙拼图一样拼凑出像银河系这样的星系是如何形成的。这一巨大挑战的复杂性需要复杂的理论模型来解释这些观测结果——我们宇宙故事的最终快照。然而，现在对于模拟来说，以高细节水平模拟更大的宇宙环境和中央螺旋星系是一个巨大的挑战，这对于解析望远镜现在看到的复杂的银河结构及其恒星种群来说是必需的。为了解决这个障碍，我将采用新的建模技术来将星系的恒星和暗物质成分的分辨率显着提高到前所未有的水平。这些模拟将解决以前无法访问的详细、高度动态的结构，并使我们能够比以往更详细地跟踪自大爆炸以来发生的许多复杂的物理过程。特别是，我们将了解我们美丽的旋臂是如何形成的，它们如何在宇宙时间内将银河系周围的恒星洗牌，以及古代银河系中发生的史诗般的星系碰撞如何塑造了它今天的样子。此外，这些模拟将为了解潜伏在银河系周围的非常小的低质量星系的形成打开一个新的窗口，将我们当前的知识推向新的视野。观测需要这些模拟来解释。因为我们目前生活在大型观测调查的黄金时代，这将提供越来越多的信息，所以现在有必要开展这个项目，以便最大限度地提高我们从这些观测中获得的回报。通过对我的模拟进行模拟观测，我们可以直接将模拟与观测结果进行比较，以提供银河系如何形成的整体视图。我们还将了解恒星的运动如何让我们了解暗物质粒子的性质。这些深刻问题的答案将极大地增进人类对宇宙及其奥秘的好奇心，并激励社会上的未来几代科学家。这些模拟将公开，并将成为其他天文学家的宝贵资源，并产生目前有关我们宇宙家园的起源和形成的最详细的图像和电影。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

An ever-present Gaia snail shell triggered by a dark matter wake

DOI：
10.1093/mnras/stad1969
发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
R. Grand;R. Pakmor;F. Fragkoudi;Facundo A. G'omez;Wilma H. Trick;C. Simpson;F. van de Voort;R. Bieri
通讯作者：
R. Grand;R. Pakmor;F. Fragkoudi;Facundo A. G'omez;Wilma H. Trick;C. Simpson;F. van de Voort;R. Bieri

The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations I. The in situ component and the effect of mergers

本地群赫斯提亚模拟中的恒星光环 I. 原位成分和合并效应