Research of the Materials and Techniques Used in the Self-portraits Done as Graduation Works of Oil Painting in Tokyo Bijyutsu Gakko

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The oil painting of the Meiji period preserved at the University Art Museum, Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music have undergone a thorough condition examination. Utilizing scientific methods, the research focuses on the materials and techniques used in the self-portraits done as graduation works. Suggestions for the future restoration and conservation have also been made.Scientific method refers to the optical examination based on X-rays, UV, IR and still photographs, to the microscopic observations, as well as X-ray microanalyser (EPMA) analysis of chemical elements.The results of the analysis of the painting structure(support, ground, paint layers and varnish) and of materials and techniques used in the Meiji Period, obtained by this research are reported in detail.In total, 2800 paintings from the year 1900 to 2002 have been examined. They include 190 paintings belonging to the Meiji Period(1900-1911) and 1000 from the period 1900 to 1951, the period during which the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music was known as Tokyo Bijyutsu Gakko (Tokyo Fine Arts School).The reason why these self-portraits draw the authors' attention lays in the fact changes, which occurred in teaching methods, techniques and materials are all reflected in the portraits that have been continuously painted by students ever since the establishment of Tokyo Bijyutsu Gakko. The condition of the paintings varies depending on the painting techniques and materials. Through the examination of the self-portraits, it becomes possible to obtain a view of the trends of painting and to understand how they have changed from the Meiji Period until today.The results of the examination on 51 self-portraits from Meiji Period are reported in this paper.