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Empirical Study of the Process about Recognition and Decision Making of Lay Judges and Professional Judges in Criminal Trial

刑事审判中非专业法官与职业法官认知与决策过程的实证研究

基本信息

批准号：
16330015
负责人：
FUJITA Masahiro
金额：
$ 6.37万
依托单位：
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (2005-2007)Nanzan University (2004)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16330015/
关键词：
Saibanin Jury Mixed Court Cognitive Psychology Social Psychology 刑事訴訟法刑事裁判法心理学

项目摘要

Purpose of this project is to study Saibanin System empirically so that research for Japanese citizen and experiment based on this data was held. At first, the research for Japanese citizen was to clarify what was the general hardship for Japanese citizen about lay participation in Japanese criminal trial. According to the result, the most important hardship was the anxiety for professional legal aspect. Especially, most citizens felt that they did not have much knowledge about judicial process or law, and this feeling was one of the most influential factors for the hardship. Following this result, this project held the experiment to study how was instruction, opening statement and note taking supportive for lay person and how was influenced the different volume of information between lay people and judges to the deliberation and function of new mixed court. Now, data is on consideration. The research about movement of several new tests about jury trial in United States was also tried in parallel with this experiment. The article about American jury trial was published. Instruction or note taking was not always significantly helpful for lay persons to understand the case, but the useful value has been gradually analyzed. Furthermore, the comparison between legal knowledge and psychological knowledge or influence of authoritarianism toward the attitude of participation as lay judge was studied in the research for Japanese citizen. Authoritarianism was not always useful for the positiveness of lay participation and psychological knowledge was not also always more helpful than legal knowledge.

本项目的目的是对西番院制度进行实证研究，以便在此基础上进行针对日本公民的研究和实验。对日本公民的研究首先是为了弄清日本公民参与日本刑事审判的普遍困难是什么。根据研究结果，最重要的困难是对专业法律的方面的焦虑。特别是，大多数公民认为他们对司法程序或法律不太了解，这种感觉是造成困难的最重要因素之一。本研究依此结果进行实验，以探讨说明、开庭陈述及笔录对非专业人员之支持程度，以及非专业人员与法官间资讯量之差异对新混合法庭之审议及功能之影响。现在，数据正在考虑中。与此同时，本文还对美国陪审团审判的几种新测试的运行情况进行了研究。关于美国陪审团审判的文章发表了。指导或笔记对于外行人理解案件并不总是有显着帮助，但其有用价值已逐渐被分析。此外，在对日本公民的研究中，还研究了法律的知识与心理知识的比较或权威主义对作为外行法官参与态度的影响。权威主义并不总是有益于非专业人士的积极参与，心理学知识也并不总是比法律的知识更有帮助。