Studies on Japanese Firms' Strategies of High Technology, Research and Development, and Intellectual Property Rights Protection Toward China

三年来的研究成果总结如下：2004年，我们对“日本企业在华当地子公司的技术转移策略及其对当地子公司知识产权的侵犯”进行了问卷调查。此次调查的对象是超过日本企业投资比率、资本额超过2亿日元的1043家制造业地区子公司。实证分析了这些企业向中国本土子公司的技术转移、研发活动以及中国企业侵犯知识产权的行为。2005年，我们对971家在华设立本地子公司的日本国内总部进行了类似的问卷调查。在此基础上，考察了总公司向子公司转让技术的意图和理解，以及子公司侵犯知识产权的行为。此外，通过对日本公司总部及其在华子公司的调查结果进行比较，我们明确了它们之间在技术转让和侵犯知识产权方面存在的认知差距。我们回顾了中国的专利制度，考察了日本企业在中国的专利战略，并通过与美国、欧洲国家和韩国的比较分析。此外，利用美国、欧洲国家和包括中国在内的东亚国家之间的专利引文信息数据以及这些国家之间的国际贸易数据，运用计量经济学的方法，实证分析了国际贸易对先进国家技术向东亚扩散和技术溢出的影响。3 .我们明确了日本本土子公司在中国开设的研发（R&D）属性，以及日本本土子公司在美国、欧洲等其他国家开设的研发金额少于日本本土子公司的原因。本文利用寡头垄断博弈模型，考察和比较了不同情况下的R&D水平、产出（价格）水平和福利水平，并对传统模型进行了扩展，得到了一些新的结果。少

The outcome obtained our research during three years is summarized as follows :1.In 2004 we implemented a questionnaire survey on "the strategy of technology transfer to local subsidiaries of Japanese firms in China and the infringement of their intellectual property rights for the local subsidiaries". The subject of the survey is 1043 local subsidiaries in the manufacturing industry, which are more than the rate of the amount invested due to Japanese firms and capitalized at more 0.2 billion yen. We empirically figured out their technology transfer toward the local subsidiaries in China, their research and development and infringement of intellectual property rights due to Chinese firms. In 2005 we implemented a similar questionnaire survey for 971 Japanese domestic head quarters of the local subsidiaries opening in China. Then we investigated the intentions and understanding of the head quarters on the technology transfer toward the subsidiaries and their infringement of the intellec … More tual property rights in China. Furthermore, by comparing fact-findings obtained through these surveys for Japanese head quarters and their local subsidiaries in China, we clarified the existence of the recognition gap between them on the technology transfer and the infringement of intellectual property rights.2.We reviewed Chinese patent system and investigated Japanese firms patent strategies in China and through the comparison analysis with the United States, European countries and Korea. In addition, by making a use of the data of patent citation information among the United State, European countries and east-Asian countries including China and international trade among them, we empirically analyzed the effects of international trade on the technology diffusion from the advanced to east-Asian countries and technology spillovers by the econometric method.3.We made clear properties on the research and development (R＆D) of Japanese local subsidiaries opening in China, and the reason why the amount of their R＆D is less than that of Japanese local subsidiaries opening in other countries, for example, the U.S. and European countries.4.By using an oligopolistic game model, we investigated and compared the levels of R＆D, output (price) and welfare under some cases, and then extended the traditional model and some new results. Less