Molecular mechanisms for the biosynthesis of heartwood substances

心材物质生物合成的分子机制

基本信息

批准号：
16380116
负责人：
UMEZAWA Toshiaki
金额：
$ 8.09万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Heartwood is the colored region of the inner part of free trunks, and its formation is a metabolic event specific to woody plants, as it does not operate in herbaceous plants. Recently, metabolic engineering of trees has been developed significantly. For example, a transgenic aspen (Populus tremuloides) with less lignin and higher cellulose contents has been successfully produced by Chiang and co-workers (Hu, et. al., 1999 ; Li, et. al., 2003). These developments were achieved with the aid of the knowledge of herbaceous plant molecular biology. Now, it is necessary to exploit knowledge of molecular mechanisms for metabolic events specific to woody plants in order to accelerate metabolic engineering of trees. Although nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms, the facts that biosynthesis of lignans, norlignans and related compounds are involved in heartwood formation implies that the molecular mechanisms of their biosynthesis can be a clue to help us elucidate heartwood formation … More mechanisms.Since in 1990 Umezawa, et. al. reported the first enzymatic reaction producing an optically pure lignan from achiral coniferyl alcohol (Umezawa, et. al. 1990), much has been learned about the enzymes synthesizing lignans (Umezawa, 2001 ; Umezawa, 2003 ; Umezawa, 2005 ; Suzuki and Umezawa, 2007). In addition, a norlignan synthase activitie has been detected (Suzuki, et. al., 2002). In the present project as the continuation of the previous works, the principal investigator (Umezawa) and the co-workers have investigated the biosynthetic mechanisms of lignans and norlignans. Thus, they first established a system for comprehensive quantitative analysis of the cinnamate/monolignol pathway compounds which are precursors of lignans, norlignan, and lignins. Then, the molecular mechanisms of lignan biosynthesis and norlignan biosynthesis were studied. In addition, the genes encoding some enzymes of the cinnamate/monolignol pathway which is the upstream step of lignan, norlignan and lignin biosyntheses were also characterized. Less

Heartwood是自由树干内部的有色区域，其形成是特有木本植物的代谢事件，因为它在草本植物中不作战。最近，树木的代谢工程已经大大开发了。例如，清基因（Populus tremuloides）具有较少的木质素和较高纤维素含量的含量，已由清和同事成功地产生（Hu等，1999; Li，et。Al。，2003）。这些发展是借助草本植物分子生物学的知识来实现的。现在，有必要利用针对木本植物特有的代谢事件的分子机制知识，以便加速树木的代谢工程。尽管对分子机制一无所知，但心脏形成的木质，诺林族人及相关化合物的生物合成的事实意味着，其生物合成的分子机制可以帮助我们阐明心脏木形成……在1990年的umezawa等。 al。报道了第一种酶促反应，该酶反应产生了来自Achiral Conferyl醇的光学纯木糖（Umezawa等，1990年），有关合成酶的酶（Umezawa，2001; Umezawa，2003; Umezawa，2003; Umezawa，2005; Suzuki; Suzuki; Suzuki and umezawa，2007;此外，已经检测到诺兰良综合酶激活（Suzuki等，2002）。在本项目的延续中，主要研究员（Umezawa）和同事研究了Lignans和Norlignans的生物合成机制。这是他们首先建立了一个系统，用于对肉桂/单极途径化合物进行全面的定量分析，该型肉桂/单胞醇途径是木质剂，诺依坦和木质素的前体。然后，研究木质烷生物合成和诺兰尼烯生物合成的分子机制是研究的。此外，还表征了编码肉桂/单胞醇途径的某些酶的基因，这些基因也是Lignan，Norlignan和Lignin Biosyntheses的上游步骤。较少的