The evaluation for the Brain Function under the Vestibular Disorder induced by Virtual Reality

该项目由两个主要部分组成。一个是利用培养的神经元进行的动物实验，另一个是在前庭障碍下进行的前庭皮质实验，轴突和树突的发育受Rho家族的小GTP结合蛋白的调控，但负责这种调控的上游信号机制尚不清楚。SHPS-1与CD 47相互作用诱导树突状伪足和棘的形成。CD 47的这些作用可通过抑制Cdc 42或Rac来防止。CD 47以依赖于Src以及FRG和Vav 2介导的Cdc 42和Rac激活的方式促进海马神经元树突和轴突的发育。在小脑浦肯野细胞（Purkinje cells，PC）的兴奋性突触周围，GLAST和EAAT 4分别表达为主要的神经胶质和神经元谷氨酸转运体。EAAT 4与代谢型谷氨酸受体（mGluR）共定位，并且据报道该神经元转运蛋白参与mGluR活化的调节。然而，它仍然有待阐明是否只有EAAT 4是专门参与mGluR激活的谷氨酸转运蛋白在PC兴奋性突触附近表达。我们的结论是，EAAT 4是最密切参与mGluR激活的PC中的谷氨酸转运蛋白。自我运动的感觉是由线性或圆形的矢量。受试者感知移动。周围环境是静止的，而它们本身是通过圆矢量（CV）移动的。实验采用美国Electa公司的240通道Neuromag，12名健康志愿者中有6名感知到了该向量，并对数据进行了分析。CV激活双侧顶叶前庭皮质（PIVC）和MST。

This project is consisted two main parts. One is animal experiment using cultured neuron another is human experiment for the vestibular cortex under the vestibular disorder.The development of axons and dendrites is controlled by small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family, but the upstream signaling mechanisms responsible for such regulation remain unclear. Interaction of SHPS-1 with CD47 induced the formation of dendritic filopodia and spines. These effects of CD47 were prevented by inhibition of either Cdc42 or Rac. CD47 promoted development of dendrites and axons in hippocampal neurons in a manner dependent on activation of Cdc42 and Rac mediated by Src as well as by FRG and Vav2. Tease results are important to understand the central neural mechanism for the vestibular compensation.Around excitatory synapses in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), GLAST and EAAT4 are expressed as predominant glial and neuronal glutamate transporters, respectively. EAAT4 is co-localized with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), and this neuronal transporter was reported to be involved in the regulation of mGluR activation. However, it remains to be elucidated whether only EAAT4 is specifically involved in mGluR activation among the glutamate transporters expressed near excitatory synapses in PCs. We conclude that EAAT4 is most closely involved in mGluR activation in PCs among the glutamate transporters.Perception of self-motion is induced by linear or circular vection. Subjects perceive the moving. surroundings as being stationary and themselves as being moved by circular vection (CV). Experiments were performed 12 healthy human volunteers using the 240 channels Neuromag distributed by Electa Co. Six out of 12 volunteers perceived the vection, and their data were analyzed. The bilateral parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) and MST were activated by CV.