Comparative Folkloric Research on Funeral Rite

我们对西南群岛、韩国和台湾的葬礼和纪念活动进行了实地考察。这项民俗研究的目的是了解这些地区看不见的世界。奥基拉布岛和约伦岛是西南岛研究的主要地区。在近代早期，佛教和神道教在这些岛屿上广泛传播，但并没有严重影响那里人民的思想。民间宗教信仰仍然保留在这些岛屿上。两个相对的地区；首尔市的郊区和韩国南部的一个孤岛被选为研究区域。在那里的仪式实践中，儒家思想和民间宗教的影响是显而易见的。然而，近年来基督教对葬礼习俗产生了强烈的影响，葬礼参与者之间的摩擦变得更加严重。很难理解他们的做法源于民间宗教的概念。在台湾，田野调查是在台北及其周边地区进行的，与道士(豆氏)和民间祭司(后师)的葬礼习俗进行了比较。还调查了佛教圣典中的女性合唱团。我们成功地辨认出大陆和台湾原住民的元素。这项田野调查和比较研究为我们了解这些地区的丧葬习俗提供了进一步的线索。他们都表达了对死者灵魂的敬畏之情。在日本，这种精神被概念化为“乞求节日的神灵”，我们希望基于这一概念对葬礼和追悼会进行进一步的案例研究。

We undertook fieldwork studies on funeral and memorial practices in the Southwest Islands, Korea and Taiwan. The goal of this folklore study was to understand the unseen world of these regions. Okierabu Island and Yoron Island were the main areas studied in the Southwest Island. During early modern times Buddhism and Shintoism spread extensively throughout these island but did not seriously influence the thinking of the people there. Folk religious belief still remains in these islands. Two opposite areas; suburbs in the city of Seoul and an isolated island in the south of Korea were chosen as study areas. Influences from Confucianism and folk religion were visible among the ritual practices there. However, Christianity has strongly affected funeral practices in recent years and friction between funeral participants is becoming more serious. It is difficult to understand their practices derived from the concepts of folk religion. In Taiwan the fieldwork was carried in Taipei and its surrounds with the funeral practices of Taoist priests (doushi) and Folk religion priests (houshi) being compared. Women chorus meetings of the sacred texts of Buddhism were also investigated. We successfully identified the elements of continental and Taiwan indigenous origin.This fieldwork and comparative study gave us further clues to understand the funeral practices of these regions. All of them expressed a feeling of awe towards the spirits of the deceased. In Japan, this spirit is conceptualized as 'the gods who beg festivals" and we would like to carry out further case studies of funeral and memorial services based on this concept.