A Manifold Research in a Regional State and Actual Conditions of the Human Networking in the Medieval Italy

四年来，我一直在研究档案文件，特别是佛罗伦萨国家档案馆。通过这项研究，很明显，在解决地方社区问题时，作为地方总督被派往佛罗伦萨共和国领土的佛罗伦萨公民的人际网络可以有效地在共和国的领土管理中发挥作用，而且这种网络可以对官方的反应产生一定的影响。并以共和政府的地域统治意识为研究对象，考察其地方性法规审批制度，以了解共和政府的国家意识。因此我可以指出佛罗伦萨领土管理的模式及其逻辑在14世纪晚期到15世纪早期发生了很大的变化。通过对1380年代开始的改革过程中有关地方法律修订和佛罗伦萨官方批准（approval…More）的文献的研究，我发现佛罗伦萨政府通过这种领土管理制度能够在法律上控制地方社区，承认其自治权。事实上，很难阐明地方社区的确切管理状况和佛罗伦萨对他们的统治情况，尽管有许多主管官员的文件（Contado和District的五位保护人员），但我得出的结论是，佛罗伦萨国家可以在整个领土上对地方社区进行系统的管理，并显示出至少从14世纪后期开始的领土统治的集中化趋势。我还研究了佛罗伦萨统治下的阿雷佐作为一个地方社区的档案，揭示了佛罗伦萨在法定审批制度中的主动性。另外，我考察了中世纪公证人的社会状况和功能，因为总理府相对于领土控制的重要性。少

For 4 years I have researched in documents of archives, especially of Archivio di Stato di Firenze (National Archives of Florence). Through this research it became obvious that in the solution of local communities' problem the human networks of Florentine citizens dispatched to the territory of the Republic of Florence as local governors, could function efficiently in the territorial administration of the Republic, and that this networks could have some influence over the official response. And focusing on Republic government's consciousness of territorial rule, I inspected it researching the system of approval for local statutes as a clue to understand their state consciousness. As a result I could point out likelihood that the mode of territorial administration of the Florentine state and their logic changed considerably from the late fourteenth century to the early fifteenth century. In researching in documents of local statutory revision and Florentine official approval (approbatio … More ) in the course of the reformation (riformagione) beginning from 1380s, I revealed that Florentine government through this territorial administration system was able to control local communities legally, admitting their autonomy. In fact it is difficult to illuminate local communities' exact administrative condition and the situation of Florentine rule over them, though there are a lot of documents of competent officials (five conservators of Contado and District), but I concluded that Florentine State could relative systematic administration of local communities over the whole territory and showed a tendency toward the centralization of territorial rule at least from the late fourteenth century. I researched also in archives of Arezzo as a local community under the Florentine rule, and revealed the Florentine initiative in the statutory approval system. Otherwise, I examined the social condition and function of medieval notaries, because of the importance of Chancellery relative to the territorial control. Less