Local budget after German unification-the budgetary consequence of unification and the revenue gap between west and east-

本研究的目的是分析目前地方预算中的东西差距，并审查取消预定到2019年的东部州和市的额外补充联邦资金的现实。结果表明：1）通过联邦州之间的收入分享和补充联邦拨款，财政转移支付的数额仍在增加。填补预算缺口还需要更多年的时间，因为税收收入远低于东部各州的西部联邦州水平。因此，很难想象在2020年之后不会向东部联邦州和市转移财政。2）然而，《第二个团结公约》（截至2005年）意味着，统一所造成的东西差距应在未来并入总体差异。事实上，东部较强的联邦州的预算正在追赶西部较弱的联邦州，而西部各州产业结构薄弱地区的社会经济问题也不容忽视。在团结协议II的“篮子II”中，计划和赠款的对象从东部地区转移到整个德国结构较弱的地区。3）2005年开始的“哈茨IV”改革给失业率较高的东部自治市带来了日益沉重的财政负担。分裂时代的负资产给东部地区带来了特有的社会经济障碍，即劳动力市场的不匹配、公民社会的缺失、基础设施的老化等，这些问题的遗留会阻碍东部地区的经济发展。正如在“社会融合城市”方案的许多实践中所看到的那样，植根于当地社区的活动有望解决这些问题。

This research aimed to analyze the west-east gap in local budget at this time, and to examine the reality of abolition of additional supplementary federal funding for the eastern states and municipalities that scheduled until 2019. The results are as follows.1) Through the revenue sharing between the federal states and the supplementary federal funding, the amount of fiscal transfer is still increasing. It will take more years to bridge the budgetary gap, because the tax revenue is far below the level of western federal states in eastern states. It is difficult to imagine, therefore, that there are no fiscal transfer to eastern federal states and municipalities after 2020.2)"Solidarity Pact II (as of 2005)" however implies that the west-east gap brought about by reunification should be merged into the difference in general in the future. In fact the budgets of the stronger federal states in the east are catching up with the weaker federal states in the west, and socio- economic problem of regions with weak industrial structure in western states also should not be neglect. We can find such an implication in the 'Basket II" of Solidarity Pact II, where the target of programs and grants moves from eastern area to weaker structured area in overall Germany.3) "Hartz IV" reform introduced in 2005 has brought an increasing fiscal burden to the eastern municipality with the higher unemployment. There are peculiar socio-economic handicaps due to negative assets from divided era, namely mismatching in labor market, absence of civil society, decrepitated infrastructure and so on. Leaving these problems can retard the economic development of eastern area. Activities rooted in the local community, as can see in many practices of "Soziale Stadt"(socially integrative city) program, are expected to resolve these problems.