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Management Innovation and Standardization experienced in British Engineering and Shipbuilding Industry before the First World War, and its impact over the Contemporary Japan

第一次世界大战前英国工程造船业的管理创新和标准化及其对当代日本的影响

基本信息

批准号：
16530222
负责人：
ONOZUKA Tomoji
金额：
$ 2.16万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This Research Project produces answers to the question ; why British engineering and shipbuilding industry could experience various attempts for management innovation and standardization before the First World War, and why such an attempt could not be firmly established in the industry. The answers are threefold as follows. The First answer relates to objective conditions which needed an innovation, i.e., the remaining craft regulations. In such conditions the engineering and shipbuilding industry depended deeply upon spontaneous procedures and management among foremen and skilled workers, which expelled a notion of efficiency from the employers' mind The Second answer points our who could successfully pursue a way to management innovation. Inspired by foremen's activities, particularly in scientific and educational functions of foremen's association, professional engineers came to have got an aspiration that they would combine scientific fruits and practical problems in engineering firms. Newly formed local institutions of professional engineers in the engineering and shipbuilding industry produced a theatre for them to act as an advocator of such orientations, labour management, wage system, industrial accounting, standardization, electric power, and so on. The Third answer relate to the restricting situations to the experienced innovation and standardization. As is known British employers formed very powerful association in order to fight against "unlawful influence caused by Trade Societies', and such employers' associations took a barrier against every kind of trial to introduce new matters into the craft industrial relations.

这项研究项目回答了这样一个问题：为什么英国工程和造船业在第一次世界大战之前可以经历各种管理创新和标准化的尝试，以及为什么这样的尝试不能在该行业站稳脚跟。答案有以下三个方面。第一个答案涉及需要创新的客观条件，即剩余的工艺法规。在这种情况下，工程和造船业在很大程度上依赖于工头和熟练工人之间的自发程序和管理，这从雇主的脑海中排除了效率的概念。第二个答案是谁能成功地寻求一条管理创新的道路。受工头活动的启发，特别是在工头协会的科学和教育职能方面，专业工程师产生了将科学成果与工程公司的实际问题结合起来的愿望。新成立的地方工程和造船业专业工程师机构为他们制作了一个剧院，作为这些方向、劳动管理、工资制度、工业会计、标准化、电力等方面的倡导者。第三个答案涉及到限制有经验的创新和标准化的情况。众所周知，英国雇主组成了非常强大的协会，以打击“行业协会造成的非法影响”，这些雇主协会对每一种审判都设置了障碍，以便为行业劳资关系引入新的事物。